TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chemical Carcinogenesis
A1  - Grant, Denis M.
A2  - Tannock, Ian F.
A2  - Hill, Richard P.
A2  - Bristow, Robert G.
A2  - Harrington, Lea
PY  - 2016
T2  - The Basic Science of Oncology, 5e
AB  - Although  many  factors  contribute  to  cancer  causation,  this  chapter  focuses  on  providing  an  overview  of  the  mechanisms  by  which  exogenous  chemicals  may  influence  the  risk  of  cancer  initiation  and  tumor  growth,  and  how  knowledge  of  these  mechanisms  might  be  exploited  to  improve  human  health  through  prevention  or  intervention.  The  reader  is  directed  to  the  bibliography  for  a  list  of  critical  reviews  that  summarize  the  past  history,  current  status,  and  future  prospects  for  the  field  of  chemical  carcinogenesis.  The  relative  importance  of  environmental  chemical  exposures  to  the  total  burden  of  cancer  risk  remains  highly  contentious  and  it  has  been  estimated  that  chemical  pollution  of  the  environment  accounts  for  no  more  than  1%  to  3%  of  all  human  cancers.  However,  such  estimates  do  not  consider  chemical  exposures  in  the  workplace  (5%)  or  cigarette  smoke  (30%)  to  be  environmental  pollutants,  and  they  tend  to  have  a  primary  focus  on  genotoxic  chemicals  as  causative  agents.  Thus  they  may  underestimate  the  importance  of  the  interplay  between  the  permanent  tumor-initiating  effects  of  low-level  carcinogen  exposure,  the  additional  effects  of  nongenotoxic  chemicals,  and  the  potentially  reversible  modulating  effects  on  tumor  growth  of  diet,  exercise,  and  other  lifestyle  factors.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education Medical
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1127471574
ER  -