RT Book, Section
A1 Reed, John C.
A2 Kaushansky, Kenneth
A2 Lichtman, Marshall A.
A2 Prchal, Josef T.
A2 Levi, Marcel M.
A2 Press, Oliver W.
A2 Burns, Linda J.
A2 Caligiuri, Michael
SR Print(0)
ID 1121089574
T1 Apoptosis Mechanisms: Relevance to the Hematopoietic System
T2 Williams Hematology, 9e
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071833004
LK hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1121089574
RD 2024/04/19
AB SUMMARYApoptosis  was  originally  coined  to  describe  the  morphologic  features  of  a  form  of  cell  death  characterized  by  cell  shrinkage,  membrane  blebbing,  and  nuclear  condensation.  This  type  of  cell  death  occurs  in  a  wide  variety  of  physiologic  contexts,  and  thus  is  sometimes  referred  to  as  programmed  cell  death.  Apoptosis  occurs  in  all  animal  species  as  a  means  to  balance  cell  proliferation  with  cell  loss.  The  physiologic  benefits  of  apoptosis  include  eliminating  cells  that  are  unneeded,  defective,  or  infected,  and  maintenance  of  tissue  homeostasis  by  continuously  renewing  adult  tissues  so  as  to  maintain  appropriate  organ  mass.  In  the  hematopoietic  system,  production  of  leukocytes  is  delicately  balanced  against  cell  death,  until  a  need  arises  for  rapidly  generating  immune  and  inflammatory  cells  for  combating  pathogens.  The  life  span  of  hematopoietic  cells  is  regulated  by  numerous  cytokines  and  lymphokines,  as  well  as  by  signals  derived  from  microanatomical  niches  through  cell  adhesion  molecules  and  other  regulators.  Defects  in  the  regulation  of  hematopoietic  cell  life  span  contribute  to  myriad  diseases,  including  disorders  characterized  by  inappropriate  cell  accumulation,  such  as  leukemia,  lymphoma,  and  autoimmunity,  and  diseases  where  pathologic  loss  of  cells  occurs,  such  as  immunodeficiency  and  various  blood  dyscrasias.