RT Book, Section
A1 Kohler, David R.
A2 Boyiadzis, Michael M.
A2 Frame, James N.
A2 Kohler, David R.
A2 Fojo, Tito
SR Print(0)
ID 1128367423
T1 Antineoplastic Drugs: Preventing and Managing Extravasation
T2 Hematology-Oncology Therapy, 2e
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071637893
LK hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1128367423
RD 2024/04/20
AB IrritantsIrritant  drugs  may  produce  any  of  the  following  reactions:  erythema  along  a  vein  or  phlebitis,  with  sensations  of  tenderness,  warmth,  or  burning,  and  pain,  and,  as  a  consequence  of  extravasation,  inflammatory  reactions,  which  may  include  local  swelling,  erythema,  induration  with  sensations  of  itching,  warmth,  aching,  tightness,  or  pain,  but  generally  not  tissue  necrosis.  Drugs  categorized  as  irritants  are  more  or  less  irritating  to  soft  tissues  owing  to  intrinsic  differences  in  their  physical  and  chemical  properties  and  the  properties  of  excipient  products  with  which  they  are  formulated.  The  manifestations  and  severity  of  reactions  after  extravasation  with  irritant  drugs  often  correlate  with  the  concentration  of  drug,  the  amount  of  drug  and  volume  extravasated,  and  the  duration  of  exposure;  that  is,  some  irritants  exhibit  properties  characteristic  of  vesicants  if  the  amount  of  drug  extravasated  is  large  or  highly  concentrated.  However,  except  for  local  changes  in  pigmentation  at  an  extravasation  site  (often  hyperpigmentation),  symptoms  associated  with  irritant  drug  extravasations  are  typically  of  short  duration  (days  to  weeks),  and  there  are  no  lasting  sequelae