Physical stimuli | Infections |
Cold, heat, exercise, convulsions, pain, labor, anesthesia, surgery | Persistence of infections that cause acute neutrophilia |
Emotional stimuli | Inflammation |
Panic, rage, severe stress, depression | Most acute inflammatory reactions, such as colitis, dermatitis, drug-sensitivity reactions, gout, hepatitis, myositis, nephritis, pancreatitis, periodontitis, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, thyroiditis, Sweet syndrome |
Infections | Tumors |
Many localized and systemic acute bacterial, mycotic, rickettsial, spirochetal, and certain viral infections | Gastric, bronchogenic, breast, renal, hepatic, pancreatic, uterine, and squamous cell cancers; rarely Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphoma, brain tumors, melanoma, and multiple myeloma |
Inflammation or tissue necrosis | Drugs, hormones, and toxins |
Burns, electric shock, trauma, infarction, gout, vasculitis, antigen-antibody complexes, complement activation | Continued exposure to many substances that produce acute neutrophilia, lithium; rarely as a reaction to other drugs |
Drugs, hormones, and toxins | Metabolic and endocrinologic disorders |
Colony-stimulating factors, epinephrine, etiocholanolone, endotoxin, glucocorticoids, smoking tobacco, vaccines, venoms | Eclampsia, thyroid storm, overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| Hematologic disorders |
| Rebound from agranulocytosis or therapy of megaloblastic anemia, chronic hemolysis or hemorrhage, asplenia, myeloproliferative disorders, chronic idiopathic leukocytosis |
| Hereditary and congenital disorders |
| Down syndrome, congenital |