Table of Normal Values

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Laboratory Variables Relevant to Hematologic Diagnosis (Normal Adult Values)

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BLOOD CELLS

Variable (Common Abbreviations)

Units

Values

Hematocrit (HCT) or Packed cell volume (PCV)

mL red cells/dL blood or %

M = 42–51

F = 36–46

Hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb)

g/dL blood

M = 14–18

F = 12–16

Red cell count (RBC, RCC)

10⁶/μL or 10¹²/L

M = 4.5–6.0

F = 4.1–5.1

Mean cell volume (MCV)

fL/cell

M = 80–96

F = 79–94

Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH)

pg/cell

27–33

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

g/dL red cells

33–36

Red cell distribution width (RDW)

percent

<15

Reticulocyte count

percent of red cells

0.5–1.5

Reticulocyte count, absolute

× 10¹²/L

M = 35,000–75,000

F = 25,000–65,000

Reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr)

pg/cell

27–33

Total blood volume (TBV)

mL/kg

65–85⁺; 55–75^#

Plasma volume (PV)

mL/kg

39–44

Red cell mass (RCM)

mL/kg

25–35

Platelet count

10³/μL or 10⁹/L

175–450

White cell count (WBC, WCC)

10³/μL or 10⁹/L

4.8–10.8

Absolute monocyte count

10³/μL or 10⁹/L

0.3–0.8

Absolute neutrophil count

10³/μL or 10⁹/L

1.8–7.7

Absolute lymphocyte count

10³/μL or 10⁹/L

1.0–4.8

CD3-positive lymphocytes

10³/μL or 10⁹/L

700–1900

CD4-positive lymphocytes

10³/μL or 10⁹/L

400–1400

CD8-positive lymphocytes

10³/μL or 10⁹/L

200–700

CD19-positive lymphocytes

10³/μL or 10⁹/L

50–375

HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS*

Hemoglobin A1

Percent of total hemoglobin

96.1–98.3

Hemoglobin A2

Percent of total hemoglobin

1.2–3.9

Hemoglobin F

Percent of total hemoglobin

0.1–1.2

COAGULATION TESTS

Prothrombin time (PT)

Seconds to clot

12–14

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

None

0.8–1.2

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Seconds to clot

19–30

Thrombin time

Seconds to clot

10–15

Bleeding time

Ivy

Minutes

3–6

Template

Minutes

6–10

Closure time (PFA-100)

Seconds

<175

Collagen/epinephrine (CEPI)

Clot retraction

Percent in 1 hour

>40

Fibrinogen

mg/dL plasma

188–381

D-Dimer

ng/mL

<400

Factor II, V, and VII

Percent of normal mean

50–150

Factor VIII: c activity

Percent of normal mean

50–200

Willebrand factor activity

Percent of normal mean

60–200^§

Willebrand factor antigen

Percent of normal mean

50–160^§

mg/L

<100

Factor VIII-inhibitor

Bethesda units

0–0.5

Factor IX

Percent of normal mean

50–150

Mg/L

<4.0

Factor X

Percent of normal mean

50–150

mg/L

<10

Factor XI

Percent of normal mean

50–150

mg/L

<7.0

Factor XII

Percent of normal mean

50–150

Factor XIII

Percent of normal mean

70–130

α2- antiplasmin

Percent of normal mean

80–120

Plasminogen

Percent of normal mean

80–120

Antithrombin:

Functional assay

Percent of normal mean

80–120

Immunologic assay

mg/dl

22–33

Protein C

Percent of normal mean

70–140

μg/mL

3.0–5.0

Activated protein C resistance

APC ratio

>1.5

Protein S

Percent of normal mean

65–140

Total

μg/mL

20–25

Free

μg/mL

6–10

Free/total ratio

Unitless

<0.4

Fibrin degradation products (latex particles)

μg/mL

<20

Platelet Aggregation (in platelet-rich plasma)

With collagen (2 μg/mL)

Percent of control

70–95

With arachidonic acid (0.5 mM)

Percent of control

70–100

With ADP 5 μM

Percent of control

70–90

With ADP 10 μM

Percent of control

70–90

With epinephrine (5 μM)

Percent of control

75–90

With ristocetin (1.0 mg/mL)

Percent of control

60–80

Platelet ATP release (in blood)

With thrombin (1 unit)

nmoles of ATP

>0.5

With collagen (2 mg/mL)

nmoles of ATP

0.5–1.7

(5 mg/mL)

nmoles of ATP

0.9–1.7

With arachidonic acid (0.5 mM)

nmoles of ATP

0.56–1.4

ADP (5 mM)

nmoles of ATP

0–0.7

ADP (19 mM)

nmoles of ATP

0.38–1.71

RELEVANT BLOOD CHEMISTRIES

Serum haptoglobin

mg/dL

30–200

Serum iron

μg/dL

M = 75–175

μmol/L

M = 13–31

μg/dL

F = 65–165

μmol/L

F = 11–29

Serum total iron

μg/dL

260–420

binding capacity

μmol/L

44–80

Saturation of total iron binding capacity

Percent

15–45

Serum ferritin

ng/mL or μg/L

M = 15–250

F = 11–125

F >40 yrs = 12–250

Serum soluble truncated transferrin

mg/L

1.0–3.7

receptor (sTfR)

nmol/L

9–28

Serum folate

nmol/L

7–45

Red cell folate

nmol/L

300–1000

ng/mL

130–475

Serum Vitamin B₁₂

pg/mL

200–1000

Abbreviations: kg = kilograms, g = grams, mg = milligrams, μg = micrograms, pg = picograms, ng = nanograms, L = liter, dL = deciliter, mL = milliliters, μL = microliter, fL = femtaliter, nmol = nanomoles, ADP = adenosine diphosphate, ATP = adenosine triphosphate.

*Adult levels reached by about 1 year. Newborns have 60–80% HbF and 20 to 40% of Hb A1.

⁺TBV derived from measurement of plasma volume.

^#TBV derived from measurement of red cell mass.

^§May be as much as 20% lower in Blood type O individuals.

Values in infancy and childhood are not included (see Chap. 1 of this Manual and Chap. 7 of Williams Hematology, 8th Edition, 2011). The normal ranges described here are guidelines. They may vary from laboratory to laboratory and some lower and upper limits are still disputed. They vary based on reagents, assay and instruments used. Normal values should be established in the laboratory of record. This requirement is especially true of determinations such as prothrombin and thromboplastin time, D-dimer assay, platelet aggregometry, platelet ATP release, and others.

See also: Jacobs DS, Oxley DK, DeMott WR,: Laboratory Test Handbook: Concise with Disease Index, Lexi-Comp, Inc, 2004; Sacher RA, McPherson RA: Widmann's Clinical Interpretation of Laboratory Tests, 11th Edition, F.A. Davis, Co., 2000; Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE: Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry: 4th Edition, W.B. Saunders Co., 2005.

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