Physical stimuli: cold, heat, exercise, convulsions, pain, labor, anesthesia, surgery Emotional stimuli: panic, rage, severe stress, depression Infections: many localized and systemic acute bacterial, mycotic, rickettsial, spirochetal, and certain viral infections Inflammation or tissue necrosis: burns, electric shock, trauma, infarction, gout, vasculitis, antigen–antibody complexes, complement activation Drugs, hormones, and toxins: colony-stimulating factors, epinephrine, etiocholanolone, endotoxin, glucocorticoids, smoking tobacco, vaccines, venoms | Infections: persistence of infections that cause acute neutrophilia Inflammation: most acute inflammatory reactions, such as colitis, dermatitis, drug-sensitivity reactions, gout, hepatitis, myositis, nephritis, pancreatitis, periodontitis, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, thyroiditis, Sweet syndrome Tumors; gastric, bronchogenic, breast, renal, hepatic, pancreatic, uterine, and squamous cell cancers; rarely Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphoma, brain tumors, melanoma, and multiple myeloma Drugs, hormones, and toxins : continued exposure to many substances that produce acute neutrophilia, lithium; rarely as a reaction to other drugs Metabolic and endocrinologic disorders: eclampsia, thyroid storm, overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone Hematologic disorders: rebound from agranulocytosis or therapy of megaloblastic anemia, chronic hemolysis or hemorrhage, asplenia, myeloproliferative disorders, chronic idiopathic leukocytosis Hereditary and congenital disorders: Down syndrome, congenital |