Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ LYMPHOCYTOSIS +++ Definition ++ In adults, the absolute lymphocyte count exceeds 4.0 × 109/L. Normal lymphocyte count in childhood is higher than adults (mean ~6.0 × 109/L) (see Chap. 1). Table 49–1 lists conditions associated with lymphocytosis. Examine blood film to determine if there is abnormal prevalence of: — Reactive lymphocytes, associated with infectious mononucleosis (see Chap. 52) — Large granular lymphocytes, associated with large granular lymphocyte leukemia (see Chap. 57) — Small lymphocytes and smudge cells, associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (see Chap. 55) — Small cleaved lymphocytes, associated with low- or intermediate-grade lymphomas (see Chap. 61) — Blasts, associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia (see Chap. 54) Several key tests permit discrimination between polyclonal and monoclonal disorders. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of cell surface markers (CD), serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation for monoclonal immunoglobulins, studies of T-cell–receptor gene rearrangement, or clonal cytogenetic findings can distinguish monoclonal lymphocytosis (B or T lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma) from polyclonal (reactive) lymphocytosis. ++Table Graphic Jump LocationTABLE 49–1CAUSES OF LYMPHOCYTOSISView Table||Download (.pdf) TABLE 49–1 CAUSES OF LYMPHOCYTOSIS Primary lymphocytosis Lymphocytic malignancies Acute lymphocytic leukemia (Chap. 54) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related disorders (Chap. 55) Prolymphocytic leukemia (Chap. 54) Hairy cell leukemia (Chap. 56) Adult T-cell leukemia (Chaps. 54 and 66) Leukemic phase of B-cell lymphomas (Chaps. 60, 61) Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (Chaps. 57, 66) Natural killer (NK) cell leukemia (Chap. 66) CD8+ T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (Chap. 66) CD4+ T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (Chap. 66) γ/δ T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (Chap. 66) Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (Chap. 55) Persistent polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis Reactive lymphocytosis Mononucleosis syndromes (Chap. 52) Epstein-Barr virus Cytomegalovirus Human immunodeficiency virus Herpes simplex virus type II Rubella virus Toxoplasma gondii Adenovirus Infectious hepatitis virus Dengue fever virus Human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) Human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) Varicella zoster virus Bordetella pertussis NK cell lymphocytosis (see Chap. 57) Stress lymphocytosis (acute) Cardiovascular collapse Acute cardiac failure Myocardial infarction Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome Drug-induced Major surgery Sickle cell crisis Status epilepticus Trauma Hypersensitivity reactions Insect bite Drugs Persistent lymphocytosis (subacute or chronic) Cancer Cigarette smoking Hyposplenism Chronic infection Leishmaniasis Leprosy Strongyloidiasis Thymoma Source: Williams Hematology, 9th ed, Table 79–1. +++ Primary Clonal Lymphocytosis ++ Neoplastic (monoclonal) proliferation of B cells, T cells, or natural killer (NK) cells Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (see Chap. 55) — There are no associated clinical manifestations. — Some patients may develop CLL or another type of progressive lymphoproliferative disease (see Chap. 55). Chronic natural killer (NK) cell lymphocytosis (see Chap. 57) — CD3–CD16+CD56+ lymphocytes are present. — Approximately 60% of cases have no other signs ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Download the Access App: iOS | Android Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.