| ABC | Activated B cell |
| ABL | Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 1 |
| AFP | Alpha-fetoprotein |
| AGO | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie [German Gynaecological Oncology Working Group] |
| Akt | Protein kinase B |
| ALK | Anaplastic lymphoma kinase |
| ALL | Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |
| ASCT | Autologous stem cell transplant |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| BCL | B cell lymphoma protein |
| BCR | Breakpoint cluster region |
| BEP | Bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin |
| BiTE | Bi-specific T cell engager |
| BRAF | Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf |
| BSO | Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
| BTK | Bruton's tyrosine kinase |
| CA9 | Carbonic anhydrase 9 |
| CD | Cluster of differentiation |
| CDF | Cancer Drugs Fund |
| CEA | Carcinoembryonic antigen |
| CK-7 | Cytokeratin 7 |
| CMI | Caris Molecular Intelligence |
| CODOX-M | Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, methotrexate |
| CPET | Cardiopulmonary exercise test |
| CRAF | RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase C-Raf |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| CSG | Cancer susceptibility gene |
| ctDNA | Circulating tumour DNA |
| CTLA-4 | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 |
| CXCL12 | C-X-C motif chemokine 12 |
| CYP | Cytochrome P450 |
| DCIS | Ductal carcinoma in situ |
| DEC | Diagnostic Evidence Co-operative |
| DLBCL | Diffuse large B cell lymphoma |
| DOG-1 | Discovered on GIST-1 |
| DRE | Digital rectal examination |
| ECX | Epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine |
| EFS | Event-free survival |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| ELF | Enhanced Liver Fibrosis |
| EPOCH-R | Rituximab, etoposide, prednisolone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin |
| ER | Oestrogen receptor |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| EZH2 | Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 |
| FDG | Fluorodeoxyglucose |
| FFPE | Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded |
| FISH | Fluorescence in situ hybridization |
| FOLFIRI | Fluorouracil, folinic acid, irinotecan |
| FOLFOX | Fluorouracil, folinic acid, oxaliplatin |
| 5-FU | Fluorouracil |
| GCB | Germinal centre B cell |
| GERCOR | Groupe Coopérateur Multidisciplinaire en Oncologie |
| GIST | Gastrointestinal stromal tumour |
| GOJ | Gastro-oesophageal junction |
| GWAS | Genome-wide association study |
| hCG | Human chorionic gonadotrophin |
| HER2 | Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 |
| HGBL | High-grade B cell lymphoma |
| HGSOC | High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma |
| HIF | Hypoxia-inducible factor |
| HNPCC | Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer |
| HPF | High-powered field |
| HPV | Human papillomavirus |
| IAP | Immunosuppressive acidic protein |
| IGF-1R | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
| IGFBP | Insulin-like growth factor binding protein |
| IgG | Immunoglobulin G |
| IPI | International Prognostic Index |
| IRS | Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group |
| ISH | In situ hybridization |
| ISS | International Staging System |
| IVA | Ifosfamide, vincristine, dactinomycin |
| IVAC | Ifosfamide, etoposide, cytarabine |
| IVD | In vitro diagnostics |
| JAK2 | Janus kinase 2 |
| KIM-1 | Kidney injury molecule-1 |
| KRAS | KRAS proto-oncogene |
| LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| LFS | Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
| LS | Lynch syndrome |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MDT | Multidisciplinary team |
| MEK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase |
| miRNA | MicroRNA |
| MLH | MutL protein homologue |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| MMR | Mismatch repair |
| mRCC | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma |
| MRD | Minimal residual disease |
| MSH | MutS protein homologue |
| MSI | Microsatellite instability |
| mTOR | Mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| NAC | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy |
| NACRT | Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute |
| NFκB | Nuclear factor kappa B |
| NGS | Next generation sequencing |
| NIHR | National Institute for Health Research |
| NLR | Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing receptor |
| NMP | Nuclear matrix protein |
| NOS | Not otherwise specified |
| NRAS | NRAS proto-oncogene |
| NSCLC | Non-small-cell lung carcinoma |
| NSTGCT | Non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumour |
| NT-proBNP | N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide |
| OPSCC | Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma |
| OS | Overall survival |
| p53 | Tumour protein p53 |
| PARP | Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase |
| pCR | Pathological complete response |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| PD-1 | Programmed cell death protein 1 |
| PDGF | Platelet-derived growth factor |
| PDGFR | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor |
| PD-L1 | Programmed death-ligand 1 |
| PFS | Progression-free survival |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| PI3KCA | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha |
| PKC | Protein kinase C |
| PMBL | Primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma |
| PMS2 | Postmeiotic segregation 1 homologue 2 |
| POG | Personalized Oncogenomics |
| PR | Progesterone receptor |
| PS | Performance status |
| PSA | Prostate-specific antigen |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homologue |
| QALY | Quality-adjusted life year |
| QOL | Quality of life |
| QTc | Corrected QT interval |
| RAF | Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma |
| RAS | Rat sarcoma |
| RCC | Renal cell carcinoma |
| R-CHOP | Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone |
| R-CODOX-M | Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, methotrexate, cytarabine, rituximab |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| RFS | Recurrence-free survival |
| R-IPI | Revised International Prognostic Index |
| R-IVAC | Rituximab, ifosfamide, etoposide, cytarabine |
| RTK | Receptor tyrosine kinase |
| SAA | Serum amyloid A |
| SCC | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| SHH | Sonic hedgehog |
| SLAMF7 | Signalling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 |
| SNP | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| SYK | Spleen tyrosine kinase |
| TB | Tuberculosis |
| TdT | Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase |
| TGCT | Testicular germ cell tumour |
| TGF | Transforming growth factor |
| TKI | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| TNF | Tumour necrosis factor |
| TNT | Triple-negative tumour |
| TTF-1 | Thyroid transcription factor 1 |
| VAF | Variant allele frequency |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VEGFR | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor |
| VHL | von Hippel-Lindau |
| VUS | Variant of unknown significance |
| Wnt | Wingless/Int-1 |