| α/β TCR | T-cell-receptor genes encoding the α and β chains of the T-cell receptor |
| α2-PI | alpha-2 plasmin inhibitor |
| αKG | alpha ketoglutarate |
| αLELY | α spectrin low-expression Lyon |
| αLEPRA | α spectrin low-expression Prague |
| β2GPI | β2-glycoprotein I |
| β2M | β2-microglobulin |
| βTG | β-thromboglobulin |
| γ/δ TCR | T-cell-receptor genes encoding the γ and δ chains of the T-cell receptor |
| ΔOD450 | change in optical density at 450 nm |
| κ | immunoglobulin kappa light chain; kappa light chain |
| λ | immunoglobulin lambda light chain |
| [3H]Thd | [3H]thymidine |
| 111In | indium-111 |
| 14C | radioactive carbon |
| 15N | nitrogen |
| 2,3-BPG | 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate |
| 2-HG | 2-hydroxyglutarate |
| 2-ME | 2-mercaptoethanol |
| 2OG | 2-oxoglutarate |
| 4.1R | erythrocyte isoform of protein 4.1 |
| 50Cr | chromium-50 |
| 51Cr | chromium-51 |
| 55Fe or 59Fe | radioactive iron |
| 5-caC | 5-carobxycytosine |
| 5-fC | 5-formylcytosine |
| 5hmC | 5-hydroxymethylcytosine |
| 5mC | 5-methylcytosine |
| 6-MP | 6-mercaptopurine |
| 6-TG | 6-thioguanine |
| 7TMRs | seven trans-membrane–spanning domain proteins |
| 8-MOP | 8-methoxypsoralen |
| 95% CI | 95% confidence interval |
| 99mTc | sestamibi a radioisotope of technetium attached to the sestamibi molecule |
| 99mTc | technetium-99 (a radioisotope of technetium) |
| A | adenine |
| AA | arachadonic acid |
| AABB | American Association of Blood Banks |
| AAP | American Academy of Pediatrics |
| AATAAA | the polyadenylation signal site |
| AAV | adeno-associated virus |
| ABC | activated B cell; adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette |
| ABCB10 | ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter in the inner membrane of mitochondria |
| ABCB7 | ATP-binding cassette |
| ABCD1 | adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter |
| ABL1 | Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homologue 1 |
| ABLE | Age of Blood Evaluation |
| ABVD | Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine |
| ACD | anemia of chronic disease |
| ACE | angiotensin converting enzyme |
| ACEI | angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors |
| aCGH | array comparative genomic hybridization |
| aCL | anticardiolipin |
| ACOG | American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists |
| ACS | acute chest syndrome; acute coronary syndrome |
| ACT | activated clotting time; adoptive cellular therapy |
| ACVBP | doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, prednisone |
| AD | autosomal dominant |
| ADA | adenosine deaminase |
| ADAM | a disintegrin and metalloprotease |
| ADAMTS | a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin repeats |
| ADAMTS13 | a disintegrin and metalloprotease with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 |
| ADA-SCID | deaminase deficiency severe combined immunodeficiency |
| ADC | antibody drug conjugate |
| ADCC | antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity |
| AD-HIES | autosomal dominant hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome |
| ADMA | asymmetric dimethyl arginine |
| ADMIDAS | adjacent to metal ion-dependent adhesion site |
| AdoCbl | adenosylcobalamin |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate; δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase deficiency |
| AE1 | anion exchanger-1 (formerly band 3) |
| AEC | absolute eosinophil count |
| AET | 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide |
| AF | ALL1-fused gene |
| AFLP | acute fatty liver of pregnancy |
| AGLT | acidified glycerol lysis test |
| AGM | aorta-gonad-mesonephros |
| aGvHD | acute graft-versus-host disease |
| AHA | autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
| aHSCs | autologous hematopoietic stem cells |
| AHSCT | allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| AHTRs | acute hemolytic transfusion reactions |
| aHUS | atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| AI | anemia of inflammation |
| AICAR | 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribotide |
| AICD | activation-induced cell death |
| AID | Activation-induced cytidine deaminase |
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| AIHA | autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
| AIN | alloimmune neutropenia |
| AIP | acute intermittent porphyria |
| AIRE | autoimmune regulatory gene |
| AITL | angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma |
| AK | adenylate kinase |
| AKT1 | protein kinase Bα |
| AL | immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis; light-chain amyloidosis |
| ALA | 5-aminolevulinic acid (δ-aminolevulinic acid) |
| ALA | synthase aminolevulinic acid synthase |
| ALAD | δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase |
| ALAS | 5-aminolevulinic acid (δ-aminolevulinic acid) synthase |
| ALAS1 | δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase, housekeeping form |
| ALAS2 | gene encoding 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 |
| ALAS2 | δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase, erythroid-specific form |
| ALC | absolute lymphocyte count |
| ALCL | anaplastic large cell lymphoma |
| ALDH | aldehyde dehydrogenase |
| ALDOA | gene encoding aldolase A |
| ALG | antilymphocyte globulin |
| ALIP | abnormal localized immature precursor |
| ALK | anaplastic lymphoma kinase |
| ALK | gene encoding anaplastic lymphoma kinase |
| ALK-1 | anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1 |
| ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| alloHCT | allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation |
| ALPS | autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome |
| ALT | alanine transaminase |
| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
| AML1, AML2, AML3 | transcription factor for various hematologic lineages |
| AMP | adenosine monophosphate |
| AMPK | adenosoine monophosphate kinase |
| ANA | antinuclear antibody |
| ANC | absolute neutrophil count |
| ANCA | antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody |
| AngII | angiotensin II |
| ANGPTL | angiopoietin-like molecules |
| ANK | ankyrin |
| ANK1 | ankyrin gene |
| ANKL | aggressive NK cell leukemia |
| ANN | alloimmune neonatal neutropenia |
| anti-D | antibody against D antigen |
| AOP2 | antioxidant protein 2 |
| AP | adapter protein; apheresis platelet |
| AP1 | activator protein-1 |
| AP2 | adaptor protein-2 |
| AP3 | activator protein 3 |
| APACHE | Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation |
| APACHE II | Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II |
| APC | activated protein C; alternative pathway of complement; anaphase-promoting complex; antigen-presenting cell |
| APDS | activated PI3 kinase delta syndrome |
| APECED | autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy |
| APL | acute promyelocytic leukemia |
| aPL | antiphospholipid |
| APLA | antiphospholipid antibody |
| Apo | apolipoprotein |
| apo-B | apolipoprotein B |
| apoER2 | apolipoprotein E receptor 2 |
| APP | amyloid precursor protein |
| APRIL | a proliferation inducing ligand |
| APS | antiphospholipid syndrome; autoimmune polyglandular syndrome |
| aPTT | activated partial thromboplastin time |
| AQP1 | aquaporin 1 |
| ara-C | cytarabine |
| ara-CTP | cytarabine triphosphate |
| ara-G | 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine; arabinosylguanine |
| ara-GTP | arabinosylguanine triphosphate |
| ara-U | arabinosyluracil |
| ARB | angiotensin II receptor blocker |
| ARC | Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis |
| ARD | antigen recognition domain |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| ARF | ADP-ribosylation factor |
| Arf6 and Asf1b | protein paralogs that are members adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor 6 |
| AR-HIES | autosomal recessive hyperimmunoglobulin syndrome |
| ARID5B | AT-rich interactive domain 5b |
| ARLTS1 | ADP-ribosylation factor-like tumor-suppressor gene 1 |
| ARP | actin related protein |
| ARPC1B | actin-related protein complex 1B |
| ARSA | arylsulfatase A |
| ART | antiretroviral therapy |
| ASA | acetylsalicylic acid |
| ASBMT | American Society for Blood & Marrow Transplantation |
| ASC | apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with a caspase recruitment domain |
| ASCT | allogeneic stem cell transplantation; autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; autologous stem cell transplant |
| ASCT2 | ASC amino-acid transporter 2 |
| Asf1a | a protein that is a member of the H3/H4 family of histone chaperones |
| ASFA | American Society for Apheresis |
| ASH | American Society of Hematology |
| AsH3 | arsenic hydride (arsine gas) |
| ASIA | autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants |
| ASM | acid sphingomyelinase; aggressive systemic mastocytosis |
| ASO | arsenic trioxide |
| ASO-PCR | allele specific oligonucleotide-polymerase chain reaction |
| AST | aspartic acid transaminase |
| ASTCT | American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy |
| ASXL1 | a polycomb group protein-epigenetic modifier |
| AT | antithrombin; ataxia-telangiectasia |
| ATAC-seq | uses the hyperactive Tn5 transposase to simultaneously fragment and add sequencing adaptors to accessible DNA |
| ATG | antithymocyte globulin |
| Atg | autophagy-related gene |
| ATL | adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma |
| ATLD | ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder |
| ATLL | adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma |
| ATM | ataxia-telangiectasia mutant |
| ATM | ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene |
| ATO | Arsenic trioxide |
| ATP | adenosine 5′-triphosphate |
| ATP11C | P-IV ATPase (flippase) |
| ATPase | adenosine triphosphatase |
| ATR | ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related kinase |
| ATR-16 | α-thalassemia chromosome 16-linked mental retardation syndrome |
| ATRA | all-trans-retinoic acid |
| ATRs | allergic transfusion reactions |
| ATRUS | amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with radioulnar synostosis |
| ATR-X | α-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation syndrome |
| ATTRwt | wild type transthyretin amyloidosis |
| AUC | area under the concentration × time curve |
| AUG | antigens of the Augustine; codon for initial methionine |
| aUPD | acquired uniparental disomy |
| AVD | doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vinblastine, dacarbazine |
| AVN | avascular necrosis |
| AVWS | acquired von Willebrand syndrome |
| AYA | adolescents and young adults |
| AZT | azidothymidine |
| |
| B19 | primate erythroparvovirus 1 |
| B2M | beta-2 microglobulin |
| BACH2 | basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2 |
| BACs | bacterial artificial chromosomes |
| BAF | BRG/BAF-Associated Factors |
| BAFF | B-cell activating factor |
| BAK | Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer |
| BAL | bronchoalveolar lavage |
| B-ALL | acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia |
| bALP | bone alkaline phosphatase |
| BASC | BRACA1-associated genome surveillance complex |
| BAT | bleeding assessment tool |
| BC | buffy coat |
| BCCA | British Columbia Cancer Agency |
| BCG | bacillus Calmette-Guérin |
| BCL | B-cell lymphoma family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death |
| BCL10 | B cell CLL/lymphoma 10 gene |
| BCL10 | B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 |
| BCL11A | a critical switching factor for silencing gamma globin; B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A |
| BCL11A | B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 11A; B-cell lymphoma/leukemia oncogene important for γ to β globin switching |
| BCL-2 | B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2; B-cell lymphoma protein 2 |
| BCL2 | gene encoding B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma 2 |
| BCL-6 | B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 6 |
| BCL6 | gene encoding B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma 6 |
| Bcl-xL | an antiapoptotic factor |
| BCL-xL | B-cell leukemia extra large |
| BCMA | B-cell maturation antigen |
| BCNU | 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, carmustine; bis-chloroethylnitrosourea or carmustine |
| BCR | B-cell receptor |
| BCR | breakpoint cluster gene |
| BCR-ABL | breakpoint cluster region-Abelson |
| BCRP | breast cancer resistance protein transporter |
| BCSH | British Committee for Standards in Haematology |
| BDR | bortezimid, dexamethasone and rituximab |
| BEAC | BCNU, etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide |
| BEACOPP | bleomycin, etoposide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, prednisone |
| BEAM | BCNU/etoposide/cytarabine/melphalan [bischloroethyl-nitrosourea (carmustine), etoposide, Ara-C (cytarabine), melphalan] |
| BET | bromo- and extra-terminal |
| bFGF | basic fibroblast growth factor |
| BFP | syphilis test biologic false-positive serologic test for syphilis |
| BFU-E | burst-forming unit–erythroid |
| BFU-MK | burst-forming unit–megakaryocyte |
| BiKE | bispecific killer engager |
| Bim | bcl2 interacting mediator of cell death or Bcl2-like 11 |
| BiP | immunoglobulin-binding protein |
| BIR | baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat |
| BITE | bispecific T-cell engager |
| BJ | Bence Jones |
| BL | Burkitt lymphoma |
| B-LBL | B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma |
| Blimp-1 | B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 |
| BLINK/BLNK | B-cell linker protein; BLM, the causative gene of Bloom syndrome |
| BLOC | biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex |
| BM | bone marrow |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BMP | bone morphogenic protein |
| BMSC | bone marrow stroma stem cell |
| BMT-CTN | bone marrow transplant-clinical trials network |
| bNAbs | broadly-neutralizing antibodies |
| BNIP3L | an hypoxic regulated gene that facilitates mitochondrial autophagy |
| BNLI | British National Lymphoma Investigation |
| BNP | brain natriuretic peptide; B-type natriuretic peptide |
| bp | base pair |
| BPG | bisphosphoglycerate |
| BPGM | bisphosphoglycerate mutase enzyme |
| BPI | bacterial permeability-increasing protein |
| BPTES | a glutaminase inhibitor |
| BR | bendamustine and rituximab |
| BRC | B-cell receptor |
| BRD | bromodomain-containing protein |
| BRM | biological response modifier |
| BS | Bloom syndrome |
| BSS | Bernard-Soulier syndrome |
| BTD | breakthrough designation |
| BTK (Btk) | Bruton tyrosine kinase |
| BTKi | Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| BTLA | B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator |
| BU | Bethesda unit; busulfan |
| BV | brentuximab vedotin |
| |
| C | capsule; complement; constant |
| C/EBP | CCAAT enhancer binding protein |
| C/EBPA | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha |
| C/EBPε | regulating factor of gene expression |
| C/EBPβ | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein |
| C15ORF41 | gene encoding a protein with two predicted helix-turn-helix domains of unknown function |
| C1E-INH | complement factor 1 esterase inhibitor |
| C3 | third component of complement |
| C3a | serum complement fragment 3a |
| C4BP | complement 4b–binding protein |
| C5a | serum complement fragment 5a |
| CAAT | CAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CAD | gene encoding a trifunctional enzyme (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) |
| cADP | cyclic adenosine diphosphate |
| CAFC | cobblestone area-forming cell |
| CALASP | calaspargase |
| CALGB | Cancer and Leukemia Group B |
| CALR | calreticulin |
| CALR | calreticulin gene |
| CAM | cell adhesion molecule |
| CAM-DR | cell adhesion mediated drug resistance |
| cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| CAMT | congenital (hereditary) amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia |
| CAN | copy number alteration |
| cANCA | cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody |
| CAP | site a DNA site located in or near a promoter |
| CAP37 | cationic antimicrobial protein |
| CAPS | catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome |
| CAPTURE | Antiplatelet Therapy in Unstable Refractory Angina |
| CAR | chimeric antigen receptor; CXCL12-abundant reticular |
| CaRD | carfilzomib, rituximab, dexamethasone |
| CARD | caspase activation and recruitment domain |
| CAR-T | cells chimeric antigen receptor T cells |
| cART | combined antiretroviral therapy |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CBF | core binding factor |
| CBFA1, CBFA2 | core-binding factor subunit α-1 or -2 |
| CBP | a coactivator of a transcription factor |
| CBV | cyclophosphamide, bischloroethyl-nitrosourea (carmustine), etoposide |
| ccff-DNA | circulating cell-free fetal DNA |
| CCI | corrected count increment |
| CCL | C-C chemokine (C-C motif) ligand |
| CCR | C-C chemokine receptor |
| CCR4 | CC chemokine receptor 4 |
| CCR5 | chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 gene |
| CCUS | clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance |
| CCyR | complete cytogenetic response |
| CD 44 | cell differentiation antigen |
| CD | classification determinant; cluster denomination; cluster designation; cluster of differentiation; cytoplasmic domain |
| CD-1 | cyclin D1 high |
| CD11b/CD18 | Mac-1 or integrin αmβ2 |
| CD16 | FcγRIIIa receptor |
| CD-2 | cyclin D3 high |
| CD20 | a cluster of differentiation molecule expressed on the surface of all mature B cells |
| CD40L | CD40 ligand |
| CD55 | an antigen encoding DAF |
| CD59 | an antigen encoding MAC-inhibitory protein |
| CDA | congenital dyserythropoietic anemia |
| CDAII | congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II |
| CDAN1 | gene encoding codanin-1 |
| cdc | cell division cycle |
| CDC | cell-dependent cytotoxicity; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; complement-dependent cytotoxicity |
| cDC | conventional dendritic cell |
| CDK | cyclin-dependent kinase |
| CDKI | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor |
| cDNA | complementary DNA |
| CDP | cytidine diphosphate |
| CDR | commonly deleted region; complementarity determining region |
| CDR3 | complementarity determining region 3 |
| CDT | catheter-directed thrombolysis |
| CE | cholesterol ester |
| ceAML | clonally evolved acute myelogenous leukemia |
| CEBPA | CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha gene |
| CEBPA | CCAAT-enhancer binding protein A |
| CEL, NOS | chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified |
| CEP | congenital erythropoietic porphyria |
| CEPBA | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α gene |
| CFC | colony-forming cell |
| CFH | complement factor H |
| CFHR | complement factor H-related protein |
| CFU-E | colony-forming unit–erythroid |
| CFU-GEMM | colony-forming unit–granulocyte-erythroid-monocyte-macrophage |
| CFU-GM | colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage; colony-forming unit–granulocyte-monocyte |
| CFU-Meg | (CFU-MK) colony-forming unit–megakaryocyte |
| CFX | chromogenic factor X |
| CGA | cytosine, guanine, adenine |
| cGAMP | cyclic GMP:AMP |
| cGAS | cyclic AMP/GMP synthetase |
| CGD | chronic granulomatous disease |
| CGH | comparative genomic hybridization |
| cGMP | cyclic guanosine monophosphate |
| CH1 (2, 3, 4) | constant region 1 (2, 3, 4) |
| CHAPLE | complement hyperactivation resulting in angiopathic thrombosis and protein losing enteropathy |
| CHARGE | coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the nasal choanae, retardation of growth and/or development, genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities and deafness |
| CHD | CHromoDomain Remodeler; coronary heart disease |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CHILP | common helper ILC progenitor |
| CHIP | clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential; clonal hematopoiesis of undetermined prognosis |
| ChIP-seq | chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing |
| Chk | checkpoint kinase |
| cHL | classical Hodgkin lymphoma |
| CHOEP | cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone |
| CHOP | clonal hematopoiesis of oncogenic potential; cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (hydroxydaunorubicin), Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone |
| CHORUS | Collaboration in HIV Outcomes Research/U.S. study |
| CHP | cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone |
| CHR | complete hematological response |
| CHr | reticulocyte-specific hemoglobin content |
| CHS | Cardiovascular Health Study; Chédiak-Higashi syndrome |
| CI | comorbidity index |
| CIB | calcium and integrin binding protein |
| CID | combined immune deficiency |
| cIg | cytoplasmic immunoglobulin |
| CILP | common innate lymphoid cell progenitor |
| CIS | a signal transduction protein that downregulates activity of erythropoietin receptor |
| CISNE | Clinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia |
| CJD | Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| ckit | growth factor receptor also a proto-oncogene |
| CKR | chemokine receptor |
| CL | cardiolipin |
| CLA | cutaneous lymphocyte antigen |
| CLEC | C-type lectin-like receptor |
| CLIITA | Class II transactivator |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| CLL/SLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma |
| CLL-1 | C-type lectin-like molecule-1 |
| CLP | common lymphoid precursor (progenitor) |
| CLPD-NK | chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of NK cells |
| CLPX | member of the family of the AAA protease (AAA+ ATPase) |
| CLR | C-type lectin receptor |
| CLS | capillary leak syndrome |
| CMC | chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis |
| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia / chronic myeloid leukemia |
| CMML | chronic myelomonocytic leukemia |
| CMP | common myeloid progenitor |
| C-MPL | thrombopoietin receptor gene |
| c-Mpl | thrombopoietin receptor |
| CMR | complete molecular response |
| CMT | combined modality therapy |
| CMV | cytomegalovirus |
| CNAs | copy number abnormalities |
| CnCbl | cyanocobalamin |
| CNL | chronic neutrophilic leukemia |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CNTF | ciliary neurotrophic factor |
| CNV | copy number variant |
| CO | carbon monoxide |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| CoA | coenzyme A |
| COCOMO | Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection |
| CODOX-M/IVAC | cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, methotrexate, ifosfamide, etoposide, and high-dose cytarabine, with intrathecal cytarabine and methotrexate |
| COHb | carboxyhemoglobin |
| COMFORT | Controlled Myelofibrosis Study with Oral JAK Inhibitor Treatment |
| COMPLETE | comprehensive oncology measures for peripheral t-cell lymphoma |
| COO | cell of origin |
| COP | cytoplasmic coat protein |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| COPII | coat protein complex II |
| COPP | cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone |
| COX | cyclooxygenase |
| COX-1 | cyclooxygenase-1 |
| COX4I2 | gene encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform |
| coxibs | COX inhibitors |
| cP | centipoise |
| CPB | cardiopulmonary bypass |
| CPC | common progenitor clone |
| CPD | citrate, phosphate, and dextrose |
| CPG | clinical practice guideline |
| CpG | cytosine phosphate guanine |
| C-Pi | B Pittsburgh compound B |
| CPI | checkpoint inhibitors |
| CPM | counts per minute |
| CPO | coproporphyrinogen oxidase |
| cPRA | calculated panel reactive antibodies |
| CPRE | coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene promoter regulatory element |
| CR | complement receptor; complete remission; complete response |
| CR1 | complement receptor 1 |
| CR30 | complete response rate at 30 months |
| CRAB | Calcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, or bone disease |
| CRBN | cereblon |
| CrCl | creatinine clearance |
| CRD | carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone |
| CRE | carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae |
| CREB | cyclic AMP response element-binding protein |
| CRF | circulating recombinant form |
| CRi | complete remission with incomplete blood cell recovery |
| CRI | cross-reactive idiotype |
| CRIM | cross-reactive immunologic material |
| CRISPR | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
| CRM | cross-reacting material |
| CRP | C reactive protein; collagen-related peptide |
| CRp | complete remission with platelet count < 100 × 109/L |
| CRS | cytokine release syndrome |
| CRu | complete remission unconfirmed |
| CsA | cyclosporine |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid; colony-stimulating factor |
| CSFR | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor |
| CSP | cyclosporine |
| CSR | class switch recombination |
| CSS | Churg-Strauss syndrome |
| CSSCD | Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CT-1 | cardiotrophin-1 |
| CTA | computed tomographic angiography |
| CTCL | cutaneous T-cell lymphoma |
| CTCs | circulating tumor cells |
| CTD | carboxy-terminal domain |
| CTL | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte |
| CTL2 | choline transporter-like protein-2 |
| CTLA | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen |
| CTLA-4 | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 |
| CTP | cyclic thrombocytopenia; cytosine 5-triphosphate |
| CTPA | computed tomography pulmonary angiography |
| CTPS1 | cytidine 5-triphosphate synthase 1 |
| CTV | computed tomographic venography |
| CUB | cubilin |
| CUBAM | the binary ileal cubilin receptor complex consisting of cubilin and amnionless |
| CV | cardiovascular |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| CVID | common variable immunodeficiency |
| CXCL | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand |
| CXCL12 | C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor 1 |
| CXCR | C-X-C chemokine receptor |
| CXCR4 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 |
| CY/Cy | cyclophosphamide |
| CyBorD | cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone |
| CYP | cytochrome P450 |
| CytaBOM | cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine, methotrexate (with leucovorin rescue) |
| cytochrome b5R | cytochrome b5 reductase |
| |
| D | diversity; diversity immunoglobulin gene segment |
| D+HUS | diarrhea plus HUS |
| Da | Dalton |
| DA-EPOCH-R | dose-adjusted EPOCH with rituximab |
| DAF | decay-accelerating factor |
| DAG | diacylglycerol |
| DAH | diffuse alveolar hemorrhage |
| DAMPs | damage associated molecular patterns |
| DAP | γ-d-glutamyldiaminopimelic acid |
| DARC | Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines |
| DAT | direct antiglobulin test |
| DC | dendritic cell |
| DC-SIGN | dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3–grabbing nonintegrin |
| dCK | deoxycytidine kinase |
| DC-SIGN | DC-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin |
| DCT | distal convoluted tubule |
| dCTP | deoxycytidine triphosphate |
| dcytb | duodenal cytochrome b |
| DD | death domain; denileukin diftitox |
| DDAVP | 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, or desmopressin (desmopressin acetate, a synthetic analogue of the pituitary hormone vasopressin) |
| ddNTP | di-deoxynucleotide triphosphate |
| DDR | DNA damage response |
| DEAF-1 | deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 |
| dectin | DC-associated C-type lectin |
| del | deletion |
| DEL | double expressor lymphoma |
| del p | deletion of short arm of a chromosome |
| del q | deletion of long arm of a chomorsome |
| DELTA-1 | Drosophila Delta homolog-1 |
| DEXA | dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry |
| dFLC | difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains |
| DFMO | α-difluoromethylornithine |
| DFP | diisopropylfluorophosphate |
| DFS | disease-free survival |
| DGKE | diacylglycerol kinase ε |
| DGKE | diacylglycerol kinase-epsilon gene |
| DGS | DiGeorge syndrome |
| DH | double hit |
| DHAP | dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin |
| DHFR | dihydrofolate reductase |
| DHHS | Department of Health and Human Services |
| DHL | double-hit lymphoma |
| DHTR | delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction |
| DI | deformability index; diabetes insipidus |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| DKKI | Dickkopf-1 |
| DLBCL | diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
| DLCO | diffusing capacity in lung for carbon monoxide |
| DLI | donor lymphocyte infusion |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| DMT | divalent metal transporter |
| DN | double negative |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNAme | DNA methylation |
| DNA-PK | DNA protein kinase |
| DNase I | an enzyme used to detect DNA-protein interaction |
| DNMT | DNA methyltransferase |
| dNTP | deoxynucleotide triphosphate |
| DOAC | direct oral anticoagulants; direct-acting oral anticoagulant |
| DOCK | dedicator of cytokinesis |
| DOCK8 | dedicator of cytokinesis 8 |
| DOR | duration of response |
| DOT1 | a histone H3 methyltransferase |
| DPD | deoxypyridinoline |
| DPG | diphosphoglycerate |
| DR | death receptor; dietary restriction |
| DRd | daratumumab, lenalidomide and dexamethasone |
| dRVVT | dilute Russell viper venom time |
| DSA | donor antigen specific antibodies |
| DSB | double strand break |
| dsDNA | double-stranded DNA |
| DSHNHL | German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group |
| DSIF | DRB-sensitivity–inducing factor |
| dsRNA | double-stranded RNA |
| DTIC | dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide |
| dTMP | deoxythymidine monophosphate |
| DTS | dense tubular system |
| DTT | dithiothreitol |
| dU | deoxyuridine |
| dUMP | deoxyuridine monophosphate |
| DUSP4 | dual specific phosphatase 4 |
| dUTP | deoxyuridine triphosphate |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| DVTd | daratumumab, bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone |
| |
| E | days of gestation |
| E2A | transcription factor import for early erythropoiesis |
| E2F1 | E2F transcription factor 1 |
| E2F-2 | a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and also act as a tumor suppressor protein |
| E5 | exon 5 |
| EA | early antigen |
| EACA | ε-aminocaproic acid |
| EBA | erythrocyte-binding antigen |
| EBER | Epstein-Barr-virus-encoded RNA |
| EBER-ISH | Epstein-Barr encoding region in-situ hybridization |
| EBF | early B-cell factor |
| EBF1 | early B-cell factor 1 |
| eBL | endemic Burkitt lymphoma |
| EBMT | European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation |
| EBNA | Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen |
| EBP | erythroblastic islands |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| EBVP | epirubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, prednisone |
| EC | enzyme commission |
| ECD | Erdheim-Chester disease |
| ECLAP | European Collaboration on Low-Dose Aspirin in Polycythemia Vera |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| ECMs | extracellular matrix proteins |
| ECOG | Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group |
| ECP | eosinophil cationic protein; extracorporeal photochemotherapy / extracorporeal photopheresis |
| ECSIT | evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway, mitochondrial |
| EDN | eosinophil-derived neurotoxin |
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| EEC | endogenous erythroid colonies |
| EFRT | extended field radiotherapy |
| EFS | event-free survival |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| eGFF | estimated glomerular filtration |
| eGFR | estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| EGF-TM7 | epidermal growth factor–seven transmembrane |
| EGID | eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease |
| EGLN1 | gene encoding proline hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) |
| EGLN2 | gene encoding proline hydroxylase-1 |
| EGR1 | early growth response protein 1 |
| eIF5A | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A |
| EILP | early ILC precursor |
| EKLF | Erythroid Krüppel-like factor – encoded by KLF1 gene |
| ELBW | extremely low birth weight infants |
| ELd | elotuzumab, lenalidomide, dexamethasone |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| ELISPOT | enzyme-linked immunospot assay |
| ELN | European Leukemia Net |
| ELP | early lymphoid progenitors |
| EMA | eosin 5’-maleimide; European Medicines Agency |
| EMD | extramedullary disease |
| EMMPRIN | matrix metalloproteinase inducer |
| EMN | European Myeloma Network |
| EMP | Embden-Meyerhof direct glycolytic pathway; extramedullary plasmacytoma |
| Emp | erythroblast-macrophage protein |
| EMR | epidermal growth factor module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor |
| EMR2 | epidermal growth factor–like module containing mucin-like hormone receptor–like 2 |
| EMZL | extranodal marginal zone lymphoma |
| Enh | enhancers |
| ENKTL | extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma |
| ENO1 | gene encoding enolase |
| eNOS | endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
| ENU | N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea |
| EOMES | eomesodermin |
| EORTC | European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer |
| EPAG | eltrombopag |
| EPAS1 | a gene encoding hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF2α) |
| EPCR | endothelial protein C receptor |
| EPCT | endothelial protein C receptor |
| EPESE | Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly |
| EPIC | evaluation of 7E3 for the prevention of ischemic complications |
| EPIC-Norfolk | European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk |
| EPILOG | Evaluation of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty to Improve Long-term Outcome of c7E3 GPIIb-IIIa Receptor Blockade |
| EPISTENT | Evaluation of Platelet IIb/IIIa Inhibitor for Stenting |
| Epitope | a specific portion of an antigenic molecule to which an antibody attaches |
| EPO | erythropoietin |
| EPOCH | etoposide, prednisone, oncovin (vincristine), cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin (doxorubicin) |
| EPOCH-RR | EPOCH with two doses of rituximab per cycle |
| EPOR | EPO receptor/ erythropoietin receptor (protein) |
| EPP | erythropoietic protoporphyria |
| EPX | eosinophil peroxidase |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| ERAD | ER-associated degradation |
| ERFE | erythroferrone |
| ERGIC | endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment |
| ERK | extracellular receptor-activated kinase |
| ERK1 | extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 |
| ERT | enzyme replacement therapy |
| ESA | erythropoiesis-stimulating agent |
| ESAM | endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule |
| ESBL | extended-spectrum β-lactamase |
| ESC | European Society of Cardiology |
| ESHAP | etoposide, methylprednisolone, high-dose cytarabine, cisplatin |
| ESMO | European Society for Medical Oncology |
| ESPGHAN | European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| ESTL | enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma |
| ET | essential thrombocythemia |
| ET-1 | endothelin-1 |
| ETC | mitochondrial electron transport chain |
| ETCO | end-tidal CO |
| EtN | ethanolamine |
| etoposide | VP-16 |
| ETP | early thymic progenitors |
| Ets, E26 | E twenty-six transcription factor |
| ETV6 | ets-like transcription factor 6 |
| EV | epidermodysplasia verruciformis; extracellular vesicle |
| ezf2 | a protein that in humans interacts with retinoblastoma protein |
| EZH2 | enhancer of zeste homolog 2 |
| |
| F1,6BP | fructose 1,6 biphosphate |
| F2,6BP | fructose 2,6 biphosphate |
| FA | Fanconi anemia |
| FAB | French-American-British classification |
| FACS | fluorescence-activated cell sorting |
| FAD | flavin adenine dinucleotide |
| FADD | Fas-associated death domain |
| FAK | focal adhesion kinase |
| FAO | fatty acid oxidation |
| FBC | Full blood count |
| FBP | folate-binding protein |
| FC | ferrochelatase; fludarabine and cyclophosphamide |
| FcR | Fc receptor |
| FCR | fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab; fraction of cells remaining |
| FCRL4 | Fc receptor like protein 4 |
| FcRγ | Fc receptor γ-chain |
| FcγRIIIB, | receptor IIIB for the Fc region of IgG |
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| FDG | 18-fluorodeoxyglucose; 2-fluorodeoxyglucose |
| FDG-PET | fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography |
| FDP | fibrinogen degradation product |
| FECH | ferrochelatase |
| FEIBA | factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity |
| Fe-S | iron sulfur cluster |
| FFP | fresh-frozen plasma |
| FFPE | formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded |
| FFS | failure-free survival |
| FGA | fibrinogen Aα-chain gene |
| FGB | fibrinogen Bβ-chain gene |
| FGF | fibroblast growth factor |
| FGF23 | fibroblast growth factor 23 |
| FGFR | fibroblast growth factor receptor |
| FGG | fibrinogen γ-chain gene |
| FH | fumarate hydratase |
| FH4 | tetrahydrofolate |
| FHL | familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis |
| FIL | Fondazione Italiana Linfomi |
| FISH | fluorescence in situ hybridization |
| fl | femtoliter |
| FL | Flt-3 ligand; follicular lymphoma |
| FLAER | fluorescently labeled inactive variant of the bacterial protein aerolysin |
| FLAG | fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine, and G-CSF |
| FLAG-tag | is a polypeptide protein tag that can be added to a protein to which specific, high affinity monoclonal antibodies have been developed |
| FLAM | flavopiridol, cytarabine, mitoxantrone |
| FLASH | fluorescent light activated synthetic hypericin |
| FLC | free light-chain |
| FLIPI | follicular lymphoma international prognostic index |
| FLIS | FL in situ |
| FLLC | FL like cells |
| FLT | Fms-like tyrosine kinase |
| Flt-1 | fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 |
| FLT3 | Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 gene |
| FLT3-ITD | internal tandem duplications of FLT3 gene |
| FLU | fludarabine |
| FMF | familial Mediterranean fever |
| FMH | fetomaternal hemorrhage |
| fMLP | formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine |
| FN | fibronectin |
| FNAC | fine needle aspiration cytology |
| FNAIT | fetal / neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia |
| FNHTR | febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions |
| FOCUS | trial Transfusion Trigger Trial for Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair |
| FOG | “friend of GATA,” a GATA-1 interacting protein |
| FOS | a protooncogene |
| Fox03 | a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors |
| FOXN1 | forkhead box N1 |
| FOXO-1 | forkhead transcription factor |
| FoxP3 | forkhead box P3 |
| FP-24 | plasma frozen after 24 hours |
| FpA | fibrinopeptide A |
| FpB | fibrinopeptide B |
| FPD | familial platelet disorder |
| FPD/AML | familial platelet disorder with propensity to myeloid malignancy |
| FPGS | folyl polyglutamyl synthase |
| FR | framework region |
| FREM | four point one, ezrin, radixin, and moesin |
| FRP | frizzled related protein |
| FS | Felty syndrome |
| FTI | farnesyltransferase inhibitor |
| Fuc | fucose |
| FVIII | factor VIII of coagulation pathway |
| FVIX | factor IX of coagulation pathway |
| FVL | factor V Leiden |
| FYB | FYN binding protein FYB-120/130 |
| |
| G | guanine |
| G3P | glycerol 3-phosphate |
| G3PD | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| G6PD | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GA | granulocyte agglutination |
| Gab | Grb binding |
| GADD | growth arrest and DNA damage |
| GAG | glycosaminoglycan |
| Gal | galactose |
| GalNac | N-acetylglucosamine |
| GALT | gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue |
| GAP | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| Gas | growth arrest-specific gene |
| Gas6 | Growth arrest-specific 6 |
| GATA1 | gene globin transcription factor 1 |
| GATA-1 | transcription factor 1 binding to the DNA sequence GATA |
| GATA3 | trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor |
| Gb | gigabase, i.e., billion base pairs |
| Gb3 | globotriaosylceramide 3 |
| GBA | β-glucocerebrosidase gene |
| G-banding | Giemsa banding |
| GC | germinal center |
| GCB | germinal center B cell |
| GCL | glutamate cysteine ligase |
| GCLC | gene encoding the catalytic subunit of GCL |
| GCLM | gene encoding the modifier subunit of GCL |
| GCNA | gene copy number abnormalities |
| G-CSF | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor |
| G-CSF-R | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor |
| GD | Gaucher disease |
| GDF15 | growth differentiation factor 15 |
| GDP | gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin; glucose diphosphate; guanosine-5′-diphosphate |
| GEF | guanine nucleotide-exchange factor |
| GELA | Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte |
| GELF | Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes Folliculaires |
| GELOX | gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, l-asparaginase |
| GEM | Grupo Espanol de Mieloma |
| GEP | gene expression profile |
| GFI | growth factor independence |
| GFI1b | growth factor independent 1B |
| GGCX | γ-glutamyl carboxylase |
| GH | growth hormone |
| GHSG | German Hodgkin Study Group |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| GIFT | granulocyte immunofluorescence testing |
| GINA | The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act |
| GITR | glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor |
| Gla | γ-carboxyglutamic acid |
| GLcN | glucosamine |
| GlcNAc | N-acetylglucosamine |
| GLRX5 | glutaredoxin 5 |
| GLS | glutaminase |
| GLT | glycerol lysis test |
| GLUT | glucose transporter |
| GLUT-1 | glucose transporter-1 |
| GM1 | ganglioside M1 |
| GM2 | ganglioside M2 |
| GM-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| GM-CSF-R | granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor |
| GMMG | German multicenter myeloma group |
| GMP | granulocyte-macrophage progenitor |
| GnRH | gonadotrophin releasing hormone |
| GO | gemtuzumab ozogamicin |
| GOF | gain of function |
| GOT | glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase |
| GP | glycophorin/ glycoprotein |
| GP A-B-C-D-E | various members of glycophorin family |
| gp120 | glycoprotein 120 |
| GPA | glycophorin A |
| GPB | glycophorin B |
| GPC | glycophorin C |
| GPCR | G-protein coupled receptor |
| GPD | glycophorin D |
| GPI | glycosylphosphatidylinositol; glucose phosphate isomerase |
| GPI-Aps | glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins |
| GPIb | glycoprotein Ib |
| GPS | gray platelet syndrome |
| GPT | glutamate pyruvate transaminase |
| GPX4 | glutathione peroxidase 4 |
| GR | glutathione reductase |
| GRADE | Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation |
| GRAP2 | GRB2-related adapter protein 2 |
| GRO | growth-regulated protein |
| GS | glutathione synthetase |
| GS2 | Griscelli syndrome type 2 |
| GSH | reduced glutathione |
| GSK | glycogen synthase kinase |
| GSR | gene encoding glutathione reductase |
| GSSG | oxidized glutathione |
| GT | Glanzmann thrombasthenia |
| GTI | geranylgeranyltransferase-1 inhibitor |
| GTP | guanosine-5’-triphosphate |
| GTPase | guanosine triphosphatase |
| GVD | gemcitabine, vinorelbine, liposomal doxorubicin |
| GvHD | graft versus host disease |
| GVL | graft versus lymphoma |
| GVM | graft-versus-myeloma effect |
| GVT | graft-versus-tumor |
| GWAS | genome wide association studies |
| |
| H | heavy |
| H&E | hematoxylin and eosin |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| H3 | histone H3 |
| H3K27 | 27th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein |
| HAART | highly active antiretroviral therapy |
| HAc | hereditary acanthocytosis |
| HAT | hepatic artery thrombosis; histone acetyltransferase |
| Hb | hemoglobin |
| HbAS | sickle cell trait |
| HbF | fetal hemoglobin |
| HBP | heparin-binding protein |
| HbS | sickle hemoglobin |
| HbSC | sickle cell-HbC disease |
| HBSIL | HBS1 Like Translational GTPase |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HC | haptocorrin; heavy chain; homocysteine |
| HCAM | homing cell adhesion molecule |
| HCD | heavy-chain disease |
| HCL | hairy cell leukemia; hydrochloric acid |
| HCL-c | classic HCL |
| HCL-v | variant of HCL |
| HCP | hematopoietic cell phosphatase; hereditary coproporphyria |
| HCP1 | heme carrier protein 1 |
| HCQ | hydroxychloroquine |
| HCR | hematopoietic cytokine receptor |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| HCT | hematopoietic cell transplantation |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| HDAC | histone deacetylase |
| HDACi | histone deacetylase inhibitor |
| HDFN | hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HDL2 | Huntington Disease-Like 2 |
| HD-MTX | high-dose methotrexate |
| HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| HE | hereditary elliptocytosis; hypereosinophilia |
| HELLP | hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count |
| HEMPAS | hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity associated with a positive acidified serum test |
| HemY | bacterial homolog of PPO |
| hENT | human equilibrative nucleoside transporter |
| HEP | hepatoerythropoietic porphyria |
| HES | hypereosinophilic syndrome |
| HETE | hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid |
| HEV | high-endothelial venule |
| HF | heart failure |
| HFE | hemochromatosis gene; high iron (high Fe)—a mutated protein associated with common hereditary hemochromatosis; human hemochromatosis protein |
| HFE | the gene associated with hereditary hemochromatosis |
| HFpEF | heart failure with preserved ejection fraction |
| Hgb | hemoglobin |
| HGBL | high grade B-cell lymphoma |
| HGF | hepatocyte growth factor |
| HGPRT | hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase |
| HHT | hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia |
| HHV | human herpes virus |
| HHV8 | human herpes virus 8 |
| HIES | hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome |
| HIF | hypoxia-inducible factor |
| HIFα | hypoxia-inducible factor α |
| HIT | heparin-induced thrombocytopenia |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HIV1 | human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
| HJV | hemojuvelin gene |
| HK | hexokinase; high-molecular-weight kininogen |
| HL | Hodgkin lymphoma |
| HLA | human histocompatibility antigens; human leukocyte antigen |
| HLA-DR | human leukocyte antigen-D related |
| HLH | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis |
| HM | hematologic malignancies |
| HMB | hydroxymethylbilane |
| HMG | high-mobility group protein |
| HMGA2 | high-mobility group AT-hook 2 |
| HMGB | high-mobility group box 1 protein |
| HMT | histone methyltransferase |
| HNA | human neutrophil antigen |
| HNP | human neutrophil peptide (synonym: defensin) |
| HNPCC | hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer |
| HNSHA | hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia |
| HO | heme oxygenase |
| HOVON | Haemato-oncology group for adults in the Netherlands |
| HOXB4 | Homeobox protein B4 |
| HP | hypergammaglobulinemic purpura |
| HP1α | heterochromatin protein 1 |
| HPA | human platelet alloantigens |
| HPC | hematopoietic progenitor cell |
| HPC-A | hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained by apheresis |
| HPC-C | hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from umbilical cords |
| HPC-M | hematopoietic cell concentrate obtained from marrow |
| HPETE | hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid |
| HPF | high powered field |
| HPFH | hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin |
| HPLC | high performance liquid chromatography |
| HPP | hereditary pyropoikilocytosis |
| HPS | Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome |
| HPV | human papilloma virus |
| HR | hazard ratio; homologous repair; homologous recombination; high-risk |
| HRE | hypoxia-responsive-element |
| HRF | homologous restriction factor |
| HRG1 | heme transporter |
| HRS | Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg |
| HS | hereditary spherocytosis; nuclease-hypersensitive sites |
| HS/PC | hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell |
| HS1 | hepersensitive site 1 |
| HSC | hematopoietic stem cell; hepatic stellate cell |
| hsCRP | high-sensitivity C-reactive protein |
| HSCT | hematopoietic stem cell transplant |
| HSE | herpes simplex virus encephalitis |
| HSP | Henoch-Schönlein purpura |
| HSP70 | heat shock protein 70 |
| HSPC | haemopoietic stem and progenitor cells |
| HSt | hereditary stomatocytosis |
| HSTCL | hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| HSV-TK | herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase |
| HT | Histological transformation |
| hTERT | human telomerase reverse transcriptase |
| HTLV | human T-cell leukemia virus; human T-cell lymphotropic virus |
| HTLV-1 | human T-cell leukemia virus type 1; human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus-1; human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1; human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 |
| hTRPC | human canonical transient receptor potential |
| HTS | high throughput sequencing |
| HU | hydroxyurea |
| HUDEP | human umbilical cord blood-derived erythroid progenitor |
| HUMARA | human androgen-receptor gene |
| HUS | hemolytic-uremic syndrome |
| hyper-CVAD | hyperfractionated therapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin hydrochloride [Adriamycin], and dexamethasone |
| |
| i | isochromosome |
| IADL | instrumental activities of daily living |
| IAP | inhibitors of apoptosis; inhibitor of apoptosis protein |
| IAT | indirect antiglobulin test |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IC50 | half maximal inhibitory concentration (inhibiting growth by concentration 50 percent) |
| ICAM | intercellular adhesion molecule |
| ICAM-1 | intercellular adhesion molecule 1 |
| ICAM-4 | intercellular adhesion molecule 4 |
| ICANS | immune cell-associated neuropathy syndrome |
| iCasp9 | inducible caspase 9 protein |
| ICD | immunogenic cell death |
| ICE | ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide |
| ICERss | the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios |
| ICF | immunodeficiency with centromere instability and facial anomalies |
| ICL | idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia |
| ICOS | inducible T-cell costimulatory |
| ICOSL | inducible T-cell costimulatory ligand |
| ICSH | International Council for Standardization in Haematology |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| ICUS | idiopathic cytopenias of undetermined significance |
| ID | inhibitor of DNA binding protein |
| Id1 | inhibitor of DNA-binding 1 |
| Id2 | transcriptional regulator inhibitor of DNA binding 2 |
| IDA | iron-deficiency anemia |
| IDH | isocitrate dehydrogenase |
| IELSG | International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group |
| IFE | immunofixation electrophoresis |
| IFM | Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome |
| IFN | interferon |
| Ifng | promoter interferon gamma promoter |
| IFN-α | interferon alpha/ interferon-α |
| IFN-γ | interferon gamma/ interferon-γ |
| IFRT | involved field radiotherapy; involved-field radiation therapy |
| Ig | immunoglobulin |
| IGF-1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| IgG | immunoglobulin G |
| IgG4+ | immunoglobulin G4-positive |
| IGHV | immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region |
| IGHV | immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region gene |
| IGL | immunoglobulin light chain |
| IGLL1 | immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 |
| IgM | immunoglobulin M |
| IgMκ | Immunoglobulin M kappa light chain |
| IgR | immunoglobulin gene rearrangement |
| IHC | immunohistochemical stains |
| IHH | Indian hedgehog proteins |
| IKK | I-κB kinase |
| IL | interleukin |
| IL-2 | interleukin-2 |
| IL-2RG | interleukin-2 receptor gene |
| IL-5Rα | interleukin-5 receptor α |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
| IL-7R | interleukin-7 receptor |
| ILC | innate lymphoid cell |
| ILK | integrin-linked kinase |
| ILSG | International Lymphoma Study Group |
| IM | infectious mononucleosis; intramuscular |
| IMiD | immunomodulatory drug |
| IMP | intramembrane particle |
| IMPDH | inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase |
| IMWG | International Myeloma Working Group |
| indel | term for the insertion or the deletion of bases |
| INK4 | inhibitor of kinase 4 |
| iNKT | cells invariant natural killer T cells |
| iNO | inhaled nitric oxide |
| iNOS | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| INR | international normalized ratio; international normalized ratio of prothrombin assay data |
| INRT | involved nodal radiotherapy |
| Interlymph | International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium |
| inv | inversion |
| IO | inotuzumab ozogamicin |
| IonChip | the microfluidic sequencing device and pH detection used in the Ion Torrent sequencing system |
| IP-10 | interferon-γ–induced protein 10 |
| IP3 | inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate; inositol triphosphate |
| IPD | inherited platelet disorders |
| IPd | isatuximab, pomalidomide and dexamethasone |
| IPEX | syndrome immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome |
| IPI | International Prognostic Index |
| IPS | idiopathic pneumonia syndrome; International Prognostic Score |
| IPS-1 | IFN-β promoter stimulator 1 |
| IPSID | immuno-proliferative small intestinal disease |
| IPSS | International Prognosis Scoring System |
| IPSS-R | International Prognosis Scoring System Revised |
| IPSSWM | International Prognostic Scoring System for Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinaemia |
| IPTCLP | International Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Project |
| IRAE | immune-related adverse event |
| IRAK | IL-1 receptor-associated kinase; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase |
| IRE | iron-responsive element |
| IRF | interferon regulatory factor |
| IRF4 | interferon regulatory factor 4 |
| IRF8 | interferon-regulated factor 8 |
| IRIS | immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; International Randomized Study of Interferon and STI571 |
| IRP | iron-regulatory protein |
| IRP1 | iron regulatory protein 1 |
| IRS | insulin receptor substrate |
| IRTA1 | immunoglobulin superfamily receptor translocation-associated 1 |
| ISBT | International Society of Blood Transfusion |
| ISG15 | interferon-stimulated gene 15 |
| ISI | International Sensitivity Index |
| ISM | indolent systemic mastocytosis |
| ISRE | interferon stimulated responsive element |
| ISRT | involved site radiotherapy |
| ISS | International Staging System |
| ISTH | International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis |
| ISWI | Imitation SWI Remodeler |
| ITAM | immunoreceptor tyrosine (Y)-based activation motif |
| ITCH | itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase |
| ITD | internal tandem duplication |
| ITG | Integrin |
| ITI | immune tolerance induction |
| ITIM | immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif |
| ITK | interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase |
| ITP | idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; immune thrombocytopenia; immune thrombocytopenic purpura |
| ITSM | immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif |
| ITT | intention to treat |
| IU | International Unit |
| IUT | intrauterine transfusion |
| IV | intravenous |
| IVAC | ifosfamide, etoposide, cytarabine |
| IVE | ifosfamide, epirubicin, etoposide |
| IVIG | intravenous immunoglobulin |
| IVLBCL | intravascular large B-cell lymphoma |
| IVS | intervening sequence of a gene (i.e. an intron) |
| iwCLL | International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
| IWG | International Working Group |
| IWG-MRT | International Working Group for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment |
| IκB | inhibitor of kappa B (κB) |
| IκBα | inhibitor of NF-κB |
| |
| J | joining |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| JAK2 | Janus kinase 2; janus kinase 2 gene |
| JAK2 | Janus-type tyrosine kinase 2 |
| JAK2/STAT3 | Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription3 |
| JAK3 | Janus kinase 3; Janus-associated tyrosine kinase 3 |
| JAM | junctional adhesion molecule |
| JAMs | junctional adhesion molecule A, B, and C |
| JH | joining region immunoglobulin gene segment |
| JMJC | Jumonji-C domain |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| JPH3 | Junctophilin-3 gene |
| JXG | juvenile xanthogranuloma |
| |
| K+ | potassium |
| KAP1 | KRAB-associated protein-1 is a transcriptional cofactor |
| kbps | kilobase pairs |
| KCD | carfilzomib, cytoxan and dexamethasone |
| KCNN4 | Potassium Calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4 gene |
| kDa | the standard unit that is used for indicating mass |
| Kde | kappa-deleting element |
| KDIGO | The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes |
| KGD | lysine-glycine-aspartic acid tripeptide |
| KICS | KSHV-associated inflammatory cytokine syndrome |
| KIF23 | mitotic kinesin-like protein 1 |
| KIR | killer-cell Ig-like receptors; Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor |
| KLF1 | a hematopoietic transcription factor; key erythroid transcription factor; Kruppel-like factor 1, previously known as EKLF, erythroid Kruppel-like factor |
| KLF2 | Krüppel-like factor 2 |
| KLF-4 | Kruppel-like factor-4 |
| KLH | keyhole limpet hemocyanin |
| KLHL6 | Kelch-like protein-6 |
| KRAB-ZFP | one of the 400 human zinc finger protein-based transcription factors |
| KRD | carfilzomib, lenalidomide (Revlimid), and dexamethasone |
| KSHV | Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus |
| KTLS | a composite phenotype of c-kit+, Thy-1.1lo, lineage marker–/lo, and Sca-1+ |
| |
| L | light |
| LA | lupus anticoagulant |
| LAD | leukocyte adhesion deficiency |
| LAG3 | lymphocyte activation gene 3 |
| LAIP | leukemia-associated immnopheotypes |
| LAK | lymphokine-activated killer |
| LAMP | lysosome-associated membrane proteins |
| LAMP5 | lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 5 |
| LAT | linker for activation of T cells |
| LBCL | large B-cell lymphoma |
| LBL | lymphoblastic lymphoma |
| LBP | lipopolysaccharide binding protein |
| LC | Langerhans cell |
| LCAD | long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase; light-chain deposition disease |
| LCH | Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
| LCH-ND | LCH-associated neurodegenerative disease |
| lck | leukocyte tyrosine kinase |
| LCK | lymphocyte-specific kinases; lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase |
| LCMV | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus |
| LCP2 | Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 (also known as SLP-76) |
| LCR | locus control region |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| LDHA | lactate dehydrogenase A |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LEBT | localized electron beam therapy |
| Lect 2 | amyloid composed of leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 |
| LEF | lymphoid-enhancer binding factor |
| Lep | Leptin |
| LFA | lymphocyte function-associated antigen |
| LFA-1 | lymphocyte-associated antigen-1 |
| LFT | liver function test |
| LGL | large granular lymphocyte |
| LGLL | large granular lymphocytic leukemia |
| LHON | Leber hereditary optic neuropathy |
| LI | labeling index |
| LIBS | ligand induced binding site |
| LIF | leukemia inhibitory factor |
| LIG4 | DNA ligase IV |
| LILR | leukocyte Ig-like receptor |
| LIMBS | ligand-associated metal binding site |
| LIT | lymphoid tissue inducer cell |
| LKB1 | Liver kinase B1 |
| LM | lymphoid malignancies |
| LMAN | mannose-binding lectin |
| LMAN1 | mannose-binding lectin-1 |
| LMNA | Lamin A |
| LMO2 | LIM domain only 2 (rhombotin-like 1) |
| LMP | latent membrane protein |
| LMP1 | latent membrane protein 1 |
| LMPP | lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor |
| LMW | low molecular weight |
| LMWH | low-molecular-weight heparin |
| LN | lymph node/ lymphatic nodule |
| lncRNA | long noncoding RNA |
| LNK | lymphocyte adaptor protein |
| LOF | loss of function |
| LOH | loss of heterozygosity |
| LOX | lipoxygenase |
| LOX1 | lectin-like oxLDL receptor 1 |
| LP | lumbar puncture; lymphocyte predominant |
| Lp(a) | lipoprotein(a) |
| LPA | lysophosphatidic acid |
| LPC | lysophosphophosphatidylcholine |
| LPD | lymphoproliferative disorder |
| LPIN2 | (18p11.31) encoding lipin 2 |
| LPL | lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| LR | laminin receptor |
| LRBA | lipopolysaccharide responsive beige-like anchor |
| LRO | lysosome-related organelles |
| LRP-1 | lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 |
| LRR | leucine-rich repeat |
| LSC | leukemia stem cell |
| LSDs | lysosomal storage diseases |
| LSK | linnegsca-1+c-kit+ |
| LSP-1 | lymphocyte-specific protein-1 |
| LT | leukotriene |
| LTA | light transmission aggregometry |
| LTB4 | leukotriene B4 |
| LTB4/C4/D4/E4 | leukotriene B4/C4/D4/E4 |
| LTC | long-term culture |
| LTC-IC | long-term culture-initiating cell |
| LT-HSC | long-term hematopoietic stem cells |
| LTi | lymphoid tissue inducer |
| LTRs | the long terminal repeats |
| LUBAC | linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex |
| LX | lipoxin |
| LYN | Lck/Yes novel |
| LyP | lymphomatoid papulosis |
| LYSA | Lymphoma Study Association |
| Lyso-Gb1 | glucosylsphingosine |
| LYST | lysosomal trafficking regulator |
| |
| M-CSF | monocyte colony-stimulating factor |
| M | hemoglobins; those hemoglobin mutants associated with methemoglobinemia; monoclonal |
| M:E | myeloid-to-erythroid cell ratio |
| mAb | monoclonal antibody |
| MAC | membrane attack complex of complement; myeloablative conditioning |
| MAC-1 | macrophage antigen-1 |
| MACE | modified antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) |
| MACOP-B | methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin |
| MAdCAM | mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule |
| MAG | myelin-associated glycoprotein |
| MAGE | melanoma-associated gene |
| MAGT1 | magnesium transporter 1 |
| MAGUK | membrane-associated guanylate kinase |
| MAHA | microangiopathic hemolytic anemia |
| MAID | mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine |
| MAINA | monoclonal antibody immobilization of neutrophil antigens |
| MAIPA | monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens |
| MAIT | cell mucosa-associated invariant T cell |
| MAL | MyD88 adaptor-like protein |
| Mal/TIRAP | MyD88-adaptor-like/toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein |
| MALT | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue |
| MALT-1 | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 |
| MAMP | microbe associated molecular pattern molecules |
| MAP | mitogen-activated protein |
| MAP3K7/8 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 7/8 |
| MAPK | microtubule-associated protein kinase; mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MARCKS | myristylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate |
| MARCO | macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure |
| MAS | macrophage activation syndrome |
| MASCC | Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer |
| MASP | mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease |
| MAVS | mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein |
| Max | Myc-associated factor X |
| m-BACOD | moderate-dose methotrexate, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dexamethasone |
| MBD | methyl-domain binding; myeloma bone disease |
| MBL | mannan-binding lectin; mannose-binding lectin; monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis |
| mBL | molecular Burkitt lymphoma |
| MBP | major basic protein |
| Mbp | mega base pair |
| MCAS | mast cell activation syndrome |
| MCFD | multiple combined-factor deficiency |
| MCH | mean cell hemoglobin |
| MCHC | mean cell hemoglobin concentration |
| MCL | mantle cell lymphoma |
| MCL-1 | myeloid cell leukemia-1 |
| MCMDM | Molecular and Clinical Markers for the Diagnosis and Management |
| MCP | mast cell-committed progenitor; membrane cofactor protein; monocute chemoattractant protein |
| MCS | multispecies conserved sequences |
| M-CSF | macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| MCV | mean cell volume |
| MDA5 | melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 |
| mDia2 | a protein that regulates actin and focal adhesion dynamics |
| MDM2 | mouse double minute 2 homolog |
| MDP | muramyl dipeptide |
| MDR | multidrug resistance |
| MDS | myelodysplastic syndrome |
| MDS/MPN | myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm |
| MDSCs | myeloid derived suppressor cells |
| MDS-EB1 | MDS with excess blasts type 1 |
| MDS-EB2 | MDS with excess blasts type 2 |
| MDS-MLD | MDS with multilineage dysplasia |
| MDS-MLD-RS | MDS-MLD and ring sideroblasts |
| MDS-RS-T | MDS with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis |
| MDS-U | MDS unclassifiable |
| MDS-ULD | MDS with unilineage dysplasia |
| MDS-ULD-RS | MDS-ULD and ring sideroblasts |
| ME | Micro-environment |
| MeCbl | methylcobalamin |
| MECOM | MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus protein EVI1 |
| MEDALIST | luspatercept (ACE-536) to treat anemia due to very low, low, or intermediate risk myelodysplastic syndromes trial |
| MEITL | monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma |
| MEK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MEL | cells a mouse erythroleukemia cell line |
| MELAS | mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like |
| MELD | model of end-stage liver disease |
| MEP | megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor |
| MERRF | myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fiber syndrome |
| mesna | sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate |
| MF | mycosis fungoides; myelofibrosis |
| MFC | multi-parameter flow cytometry |
| MFI | median fluorescent intensity |
| MG | monoclonal gammopathy |
| MGIP | monoclonal gammopathy of indeterinant progression |
| MGMT | O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase |
| MGRS | monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance |
| MGUS | monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance |
| MHC | major histocompatibility complex |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MIDAS | metal ion-dependent adhesion site |
| Mincle | macrophage-inducible C-type lectin |
| MINT | Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion |
| MIP | macrophage inflammatory protein |
| MIP-2/CXCL2 | macrophage inhibitory protein-2 |
| MIPI | Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index |
| miR | micro RNA |
| MIRAGE | syndrome of MDS, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy |
| MIRL | membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis |
| miRNA | microribonucleic acid; microRNA |
| MITF | microphthalmia-associated transcription factor |
| Miz-1 | Myc-interacting zinc finger protein 1 |
| MK | megakaryocyte |
| MKD | mevalonate kinase deficiency |
| MKLP1 | gene encoding mitotic kinesin-like protein 1 |
| ML | malignant lymphoma |
| MLASA | mitochondrial myopathy and sideroblastic anemia |
| MLC | myosin light chain |
| MLD | metachromatic leukodystrophy |
| MLKL | mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase |
| MLL | mixed-lineage leukemia |
| MLL2 | mixed-lineage leukemia protein 2 |
| MLP | multi-lymphoid progenitor |
| Mlx | Max-like protein X |
| MM | multiple myeloma |
| MMACHC | methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C protein |
| MMAE | monomethyl auristatin E |
| MMAF | momomethyl auristatin F |
| MMAS | monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome |
| MMF | mycophenolate mofetil |
| MML | myelomastocytic leukemia |
| mmLDL | minimally modified LDL |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| MMP-8 | metalloproteinase-8, also called collagenase |
| MMP-9 | matrix metalloproteinase-9, also called gelatinase B |
| MMR | measles-mumps-rubella |
| MMRV | measles-mumps-rubella-varicella |
| m-ø | macrophage |
| MoAb | monoclonal antibody |
| MODS | multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome |
| MOMP | mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization |
| MondoA | member of the MYC network of transcription factors that upregulates glycolysis (known as MLXIP, MLX interacting protein) |
| MonoMAC | monocytopenia, B-cell and NK-cell lymphopenia associated with mycobacterial, fungal, and viral infections |
| MonoMAC | syndrome monocytopenia and Mycobacteriaum avian complex infections syndrome |
| MOPP | mechlorethamine, Oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, prednisone; nitrogen mustard, vincristine (Oncovin), procarbazine, and prednisone |
| MP | melphalan-prednisone |
| MPAL | mixed phenoype acute leukemia |
| MPC | multiparameter flow cytometry |
| MPCM | maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis |
| mPFS | modified progression-free survival |
| MPL | myeloproliferative leukemia gene, the thrombopoietin receptor |
| MPN | myeloproliferative neoplasm |
| MPNs | myeloproliferative neoplasms |
| MPO | myeloperoxidase |
| MPs | microparticles |
| MPS | mononuclear phagocyte system |
| MPT | melphalan, prednisolone, thalidomide |
| MPV | mean platelet volume |
| MR | mannose receptor; minimal response |
| Mr | molecular mass |
| MR1 | MHC Class I-like protein |
| MRC | medical research council |
| MRD | minimal residual disease |
| Mrgprs | Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; messenger ribonucleic acid |
| MRP | multidrug resistance-associated protein; myeloid-related protein |
| MRP1 | multidrug resistance protein 1 |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| MRTFA | myocardin-related transcription factor A |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| MSC | mesenchymal stem cell |
| MSKCC | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |
| mSMART | Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy |
| MSMD | mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease |
| Mst | mammalian STE20-like kinase |
| MTA | 5′-deoxy-5′-(methylthio)adenosine; metastasis-associated |
| MTAP | methylthioadenosine phosphorylase |
| MTD | maximum tolerated dose; mitochondrial targeting domain |
| mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
| MTHFR | methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| mTORC1 | mTOR complex 1 |
| MTP | mitochondrial permeability transition |
| MTTP | microsomal triglyceride transfer protein |
| MTX | methotrexate |
| MUC1 | mucin 1 cell surface associated gene |
| MUD | matched unrelated donors |
| MUGA | multigated acquisition scan |
| MUM1 | gene encoding multiple myeloma oncogene 1 |
| MVB | multivesicular bodies |
| MVD | microvessel density |
| MVs | microvesicles |
| MYBL1 and 2 MYC | v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homologues 1 and 2 a protooncogene that is a major regulator of cell growth and metabolism |
| MyD88 | myeloid differentiation primary response 88 protein |
| MYH9 | myosin heavy chain 9 |
| MZ | marginal zone |
| MZL | marginal zone lymphoma; marginal zone lymphoma |
| |
| N2O | nitrous oxide |
| N2O3 | dinitrogen trioxide |
| NACHT | a nucleotide-binding domain present in NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, and TP-1 |
| NAD | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; nicotinic acid adenine |
| NAD(P)H | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NADP | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NADP+ | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate–positive |
| NAIT | neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia |
| NAMPT | nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase |
| NAP | neutrophil-activating peptide |
| NATP | neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura |
| NBS | Nijmegen breakage syndrome |
| NBT | nitroblue tetrazolium |
| NBUVB | narrowband UVB |
| NCAM | neuronal cell adhesion molecule |
| NCCN | National Comprehensive Cancer Network |
| NCI | National Cancer Institute |
| Nck | non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 |
| NCR | natural cytotoxic receptor |
| NCTN | National Clinical Trials Network |
| NDUFB11 | NADH: Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit B11 |
| NE | not estimable |
| neg. | negative |
| NEK2 | a serine/threonine kinase |
| NELF | negative elongation factor |
| NEM | N-ethylmaleimide |
| NEMO | NF-κB essential modulator, nuclear factor-κB essential modulator |
| NET | neutrophil extracellular trap |
| NeuAc | N-acetylneuraminic acid |
| NF | KbOSA obstructive sleep apnea |
| NF | nucelar factor |
| NFAT | nuclear factor of activated T cells |
| NFE-2 | “nuclear factor, erythroid 2”, a transcription factor essential for productive erythropoiesis; a transcription factor one of the principal regulator of hematopoiesis |
| NF-E2 | transcription factor that binds in complex to promoters e.g. in β-globin |
| NFIL3 | nuclear factor interleukin 3 regulated |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa B |
| NGAL | neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin |
| NGS | next generation DNA sequencing technology |
| NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| NHEJ | nonhomologous DNA end-joining |
| NHL | non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| Nix | a protein that is expressed during erythropoiesis and regulates mitochondrial apoptosis (autophagy) |
| NK | natural killer |
| NK | cell natural killer cell |
| NK-LGL | natural killer cell–large granular lymphocyte |
| NKT | natural killer T cells |
| NLPHL | nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma |
| NLR | NOD-like receptor |
| NLRP3 | NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 |
| NMD | nonsense mediated RNA decay |
| NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartate |
| NMDP | National Marrow Donor Program |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| NMZL | nodal marginal zone lymphoma |
| nnRTI | nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| NOD | non obese diabetic; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain |
| NOS | nitric oxide synthase; not otherwise specified |
| NOTCH1 | Notch homologue 1, translocation-associated |
| NPD | Niemann-Pick disease |
| NPM | gene encoding nucleophosmin |
| NPM1 | nucleophosmin 1 gene |
| NR | nuclear receptor |
| Nramp1 | natural resistance-associated macrophage protein one |
| nRBC | nucleated red blood cells |
| NRF-1 | nuclear regulatory factor 1 transcription factor |
| NRF2 | nuclear respiratory factor-2 |
| nRTI | nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| NSAA | nadir serum asparaginase |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug |
| NSF | N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive fusion protein |
| NSP4 | neutrophil serine protease 4 |
| NSTEMI | non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction |
| nt | nucleotide |
| NT-BNP | N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide |
| NTDT | non-transfusion dependent thalassemia |
| N-TEF | negative transcription elongation factor |
| NTP | nucleotide triphosphate |
| NT-ProBNP | N-terminal pro type B natriuretic peptide; N-terminal pro-BNP; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide |
| NTX | N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen |
| NuRD | Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylation factor |
| NURF | NUcleosome Remodeling Factor |
| |
| O2 | oxygen |
| OB | osteoblast |
| OC | osteocalcin; osteoclast |
| OCT1 | organic cation transporter-1 |
| ODC | ornithine decarboxylase |
| OF | osmotic fragility |
| OGDH | oxoglutarate dehydrogenase |
| OHCbl | hydroxocobalamin |
| OL | osteolytic lesion |
| ONJ | osteonecrosis of the jaw |
| OPG | osteoprotegerin |
| OPN | osteopontin |
| OPTN | optineurin |
| OR | observed risk; odds ratio |
| ORAI1 | calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 |
| ORF | open reading frame |
| ORR | objective response rate; overall response rate |
| OS | overall survival |
| OS-9 | osteosarcoma protein 9 |
| OSM | oncostatin M |
| oxLDL | oxidized low-density lipoprotein |
| OXPHOS | oxidative phosphorylation |
| |
| P4P | polyphosphate-4-phosphatase |
| P5’N1 | pyrimidine-5’-nucleotidase-1 |
| P50 | point at which hemoglobin is one-half saturated with oxygen |
| p50 | the oxygen tension at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated |
| P-7 | paratarg-7 |
| PA | pernicious anemia; phosphatidic acid |
| PACs | P1 derived artificial chromosomes |
| PAD | peripheral arterial disease |
| PAF | platelet activating factor |
| PAI | plasminogen activator inhibitor |
| PAI-1 | plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 |
| PAIgG | platelet-associated immunoglobulin G |
| PALS | periarteriolar lymphoid sheath |
| PAM | pre-transplant assessment of mortality |
| PAMP | pathogen-associated molecular patterns |
| PAP | protein alveolar proteinosis |
| PAR | protease activated receptor |
| PAR-1 | protease-activated receptor-1 |
| PARP | adenosine disphosphate ribose polymerase; poly-ADP ribosyl polymerase |
| PARs | proteinase-activated receptors |
| PAS | para-aortic splanchnopleura; periodic acid–Schiff; platelets stored in additive solution |
| PAX5 | paired box gene 5 |
| PBG | porphobilinogen |
| PBGD | porphobilinogen deaminase |
| PBM | patient blood management |
| PBMC | peripheral blood monocytes, or white blood cells; peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| PBPC | peripheral blood progenitor cells |
| PBSC | peripheral blood stem cells |
| PC | pharmacologic chaperone; phosphatidyl choline; plasma cell |
| PCALCL | primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma |
| PCBP1 | poly(rC)-binding protein 1 |
| PCC | prothrombin complex concentrate |
| PCDT | pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis |
| PCI | percutaneous coronary intervention |
| PCL | plasma cell leukemia |
| PCM | plasma cell myeloma |
| PCN | plasma cell neoplasm |
| PCP | pentachlorophenol; Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| PCT | porphyria cutanea tarda |
| PCV-13 vaccine | pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine |
| PCV7 | 7 polyvalent conjugate |
| PD | Parkinson disease |
| Pd | pomalidomide and dexamethasone |
| PD-1 | programmed cell death protein 1 |
| pDC | plasmacytoid dendritic cell |
| PDGF | platelet derived growth factor |
| PDGFR | platelet derived growth factor receptor |
| PDH | pyruvate dehydrogenase |
| PDI | protein disulfide isomerase |
| PDK | pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase |
| PD-L | programmed death ligand |
| PDL1 | ligand for programmed cell death protein 1 |
| PD-L1 | programmed death ligand 1 |
| PD-L2 | programmed death-ligand 2 |
| PDW | platelet volume distribution width |
| PDZ | post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) |
| PE | phosphatidyl ethanolamine; pulmonary embolism |
| PECAM | PGD2 platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule |
| PECAM | platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule |
| PECAM-1 | platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 |
| PEGASE | monomethoxypolyethylene glycol modified asparaginase, pegaspargase |
| PEG-IFN-α | pegylated interferon-α |
| PEL | primary effusion lymphoma |
| PEP | phosphoenol pyruvate |
| PEPFAR | President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PET/CT | 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography; positron emission tomography-computed tomography |
| PF4 | platelet factor 4 |
| PFA | platelet function analysis |
| PFCP | primary familial and congenital polycythemia |
| PfEMP | Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein |
| PFK | phosphofructose kinase |
| PFKM | gene encoding muscle subunit of PFK |
| PFS | progression-free survival |
| PG | glycerophosphoglycerol; prostaglandin |
| PGA syndrome | polyglandular autoimmune syndrome |
| PGC1α | an activator of mitochondrial biogenesis |
| PGC-1α | peroxisomal proliferator-activated cofactor 1α |
| PGF | placental growth factor |
| PGI2 | prostaglandin I2 |
| PGIS | prostacyclin synthase |
| PGK | phosphoglycerate kinase |
| PGM | prothrombin gene mutation |
| PGM3 | phosphoglucomutase-3 |
| P-gp | permeability glycoprotein |
| Ph | Philadelphia chromosome |
| PH | pleckstrin homology; pulmonary hypertension |
| Ph+ | Philadelphia chromosome positive |
| PHD | region known as plant homeodomain is a DNA region with zinc finger motif commonly deleted in ATR-X α-thalassemia |
| PHD2 | proline hydroxylase 2; prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 |
| phox | phagocyte oxidase |
| PI | phosphatidyl inositol prognostic index; proteasome inhibitor |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase |
| PIAS | protein inhibitor of activated STATs |
| PICU | pediatric intensive care units |
| PIDD | primary immune deficiency disease |
| PIGA | phosphatidylinositol glycan class A |
| PIGF | placenta growth factor |
| PIKfyve | 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase |
| PIM1 | protooncogene proteins pim |
| PINT | Premature Infants in Need of Transfusion |
| PIOPED | Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis |
| PIP | phosphoinositol phosphate |
| PIP1 | phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate |
| PIP2 | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate |
| PIPK | phosphoinositol phosphate kinase |
| PIRD | primary immune regulatory disorders |
| piRNA | PIWI-(P-element Induced WImpy testis) interacting RNA |
| PIT | prognostic index for T-cell lymphoma |
| PITs | pore-induced intracellular traps |
| PK | prekallikrein; pyruvate kinase |
| PKAN | pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration |
| PKC | protein kinase C |
| PKLR | gene encoding PK enzyme activity in red cells and liver |
| PL | phospholipase; prolymphocytic leukemia |
| PLA2alpha | phospholipase A2alpha |
| PLADO | Platelet Dose study |
| PLC | phospholipase C |
| PLC-γ1 | phospholipase C-1 gamma |
| PLCγ2 | phospholipase C-gamma-2 |
| PLD | phospholipase D |
| PLDN | pallidin |
| Plg | plasminogen |
| PLG | plasminogen gene |
| PLG-RKT | plasminogen receptor KT |
| PLK | polo-like kinase |
| PLL | prolymphocytic leukemia |
| PLS | Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome; passenger lymphocyte syndrome |
| PLSCR1 | phospholipid scramblase 1 |
| PLZF | promyelocytic leukemia Kruppel-like zinc finger |
| PMBL | primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma |
| PMF | primary myelofibrosis |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear neutrophil |
| PMS2 | postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
| PNAd | peripheral node addressin |
| PNH | paroxyomal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
| PNH-sc | subclinical PNH |
| PNP | purine nucleoside phosphorylase |
| PO2 | partial pressure of oxygen |
| POD24 | Progression of Disease at 24 months |
| POEMS | polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes |
| Pola | polatuzumab vedotin |
| poly-P | polyphosphate |
| post-PV | MF post-polycythemia vera MF |
| POT1 | potentiation family protein 1 |
| POU2AF1 | Pou domain, class 2, associating factor 1 |
| POU2F2 | Pou domain, class 2, factor 2 |
| pP-7 | hyperphosphorylated protein-7; paratarg-7 |
| PPAR | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors |
| PPBL | persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis |
| PPH | postpartum hemorrhage |
| ppm | parts per million |
| PPO | protoporphyrinogen oxidase |
| PPV23 | pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23 |
| PR | partial remission; partial response |
| PR1 | pathogenesis-related protein 1 |
| PRA | panel reactive antibody |
| PRAT4A | protein associated with TLR4 |
| PRC | protein-repressive complex |
| PRC2 | polycomb repressive complex 2 |
| PRCA | pure red cell aplasia |
| PRDM1 | positive regulatory domain 1-binding factor-1 |
| PrEP | preexposure prophylaxis |
| PRKCD | protein kinase C δ |
| PRO | patient-reported outcomes |
| ProMACE | prednisone, methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide |
| PROPPR | Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios |
| PRP | platelet-rich plasma |
| PRPP | phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate |
| PRPS | 5-phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase |
| PRR | pattern recognition receptor |
| PS | phosphatidylserine |
| PSGL | P-selectin glycoprotein ligand |
| PSGL-1 | P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 |
| PT | Paris-Trousseau; prothrombin time |
| PTB | phosphotyrosine binding |
| PTC | plasma thromboplastin component (factor IX) |
| PTCL | peripheral T-cell lymphoma |
| PTCL-NOS | peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified |
| PTD | partial tandem duplication |
| P-TEFb | positive transcription elongation factor b |
| PteGlu | pteroylglutamic acid (folic acid) |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10, an antioncogene |
| PTHrP | parathyroid hormone related peptide |
| PTLD | post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease |
| PTNFL | pediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma |
| PTP | post-transfusion purpura; protein tyrosine phosphatase |
| PTPRD | protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D |
| pTreg | peripherally derived regulatory T cell |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| PT-VWD | Platelet-Type Von Willebrand Disease |
| PU.1 | transcription factor |
| PUFA | polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| PUS1 | pseudouridine synthase 1 gene |
| PUVA | psoralen plus ultraviolet A; psoralen with UVA |
| PV | polycythemia vera |
| PVAG | prednisone, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine |
| PVT | portal vein thrombosis |
| PWID | people who inject drugs |
| PXR | pregnane X receptor |
| PYD | pyridinoline; pyrin domain |
| |
| QALY | quality-adjusted life-year |
| qPCR | quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction |
| QTL | quantitative trait locus |
| QT-PCR | quantitative-polymerase chain reaction |
| |
| R | receptor; restriction |
| R | state relaxed oxy |
| R/R | relapsed or refractory |
| R-2HG | (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate |
| RA | refractory anemia; rheumatoid arthritis |
| RACK | receptor for activated C kinase |
| RACK1 | receptor of activated protein kinase C |
| RAEB | refractory anemia with excess blasts |
| RAEB-t | RAEB in transformation |
| RAG | recombination-activating gene |
| RAG1/2 | recombination activating gene 1/2 |
| RANK | receptor activator of NF-kB |
| RANKL | ligand for receptor activator of NF-kB |
| RA-PNH− | RA without a population of PNH cells |
| RA-PNH+ | RA with a population of PNH cells |
| RAR | retinoic acid receptor |
| RARS | refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts |
| RARS-T | refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts and thrombocytosis |
| RARα | retinoic acid receptor α |
| RAS | name given to a family of related proteins belonging to small GTPase involved in signal transduction; ra(t) s(arcoma) a group of proteins that are found near cell membranes and regulate cell division and proliferation. Mutated RAS facilitate uncontrolled cell division, leading to the development of tumors; the renin–angiotensin system |
| RASGRP1 | Ras guanyl-releasing protein 1 |
| RATHL | Risk-Adapted Therapy in Hodgkin Lymphoma |
| rAVV | recombinant adeno-associated virus |
| RB | retinoblastoma gene |
| Rb | retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein |
| RBC | red blood cell |
| RBDs | rare bleeding disorders |
| RCD | regulated cell death |
| RCF | ristocetin cofactor |
| R-CHOP | cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and rituximab; rituximab plus CHOP; rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin [Adriamycin], vincristine [oncovin] and prednisone |
| RCM | red cell mass |
| RCMD | refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia |
| RCMD-RS | RCMD with ringed sideroblasts |
| R-CP | cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and rituximab |
| R-CVP | cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and rituximab |
| Rd | lenalidomide and dexamethasone |
| RDA | recommended daily allowance |
| RDD | Rosai-Dorfman disease |
| R-DHAP | rituximab plus DHAP |
| RDW | red cell distribution width |
| rdWBP | random-donor whole-blood platelet |
| REAL | revised European-American lymphoma |
| RECIST | Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors |
| REMS | risk evaluation and mitigation strategy |
| R-EPOCH | rituximab plus EPOCH; etoposide, vincristine, and doxorubicin, with bolus rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and steroids |
| RET-He | reticulocyte-specific hemoglobin content |
| RF | rheumatoid factor |
| RFLP | restriction fragment length polymorphism |
| rFVIIa | recombinant factor VIIa |
| RGD | arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide sequence |
| Rh | rhesus |
| RhAG | Rh-associated glycoproteins; Rh-blood group associated glycoprotein |
| rHDL | recombinant high-density lipoprotein |
| RhIg | Rho(D) immunoglobulin |
| rHuEPO | recombinant human erythropoietin |
| R-hyperCVAD | rituximab, hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone |
| RIAP | Rap1GTP-interacting adapter molecule |
| RIC | reduced intensity conditioning |
| R-ICE | rituximab plus ICE |
| RIF | realgar Indigo naturalis |
| RIG | retinoic acid-inducible gene |
| RIG-I | retinoic acid inducible gene I |
| RIP | receptor-interacting protein |
| RIPA | ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation |
| RIPK | receptor-interacting protein kinase; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase |
| RISC | RNA-induced silencing complex |
| R-ISS | revised ISS |
| RLR | RIG-I–like receptor |
| RLTPR | RGD, Leucine-Rich Repeat, Tropomodulin and Proline-Rich Containing Protein |
| RMRP | ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing complex |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| RNAi | RNA interference |
| RNAP | II RNA polymerases II |
| RNA-seq | RNA sequencing |
| RNR | ribonucleotide reductase |
| RORγt | retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ thymus isoform |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| RPS | ribosomal protein genes |
| rPTK | receptor protein-tyrosine kinase |
| RR | relative risk |
| rRNA | ribosomal ribonucleic acid; ribosomal RNA |
| R-S | Reed-Sternberg |
| RS | Richter's syndrome |
| RSP-2 | ring surface protein 2 |
| RSS | recombination signal sequence |
| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus |
| RT | reptilase time; reverse transcriptase |
| RTHα | resistance to THα |
| RTK | receptor tyrosine kinase |
| RT-PCR | reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction |
| RUNX | runt-related transcription factor |
| RUNX1, RUNX2, RUNX3 | runt-related transcription factor 1, 2, or 3 |
| RVD | lenalidomide (Revlimid), bortezomib (Velcade), and dexamethasone |
| RVV | Russell viper venom |
| RXR | retinoid X receptor |
| |
| S1P | sphingosine-1-phosphate |
| SA:V | surface area-to-volume ratio |
| SAGE | serial analysis of gene expression |
| SAH | S-adenosylhomocysteine |
| SAHA | suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid |
| SAM | S-adenosylmethionine |
| SAMe | S-adenosyl-l-methionine |
| SAO | South East Asian Ovalocytosis |
| SAP | signal lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein |
| SAR1B | a gene encoding a small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) protein |
| SARA | SMAD anchor for receptor activation |
| SARM | sterile α and HEAT/armadillo motif containing 1 protein or NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1 |
| SBFU-E | burst-forming unit–erythroid |
| SBT | sequence-based typing |
| SC | subcutaneous |
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| SCD | sickle cell disease |
| sCD27 | soluble CD27 |
| sCD3 | surface CD3 |
| SCF | stem cell factor |
| scFv | single-chain variable fragment |
| SCID | severe combined immune deficiency |
| SCL | stem cell leukemia |
| SCL/tal-1 | basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor |
| SCL/TAL1 | stem cell leukemia/t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia 1 factor |
| SCO2 | cytochrome c oxidase |
| SCR | short consensus repeat |
| sCR | stringent complete response |
| SCS-βA | β subunit of ATP-specific succinyl coenzyme A synthetase |
| SCT | stem cell transplantation |
| scu-PA | single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator |
| SD | standard deviation |
| SDF | stromal cell derived factor |
| SDF-1 | stromal-derived factor-1 |
| SDH | succinate dehydrogenase |
| SDP | single-donor platelet concentrate prepared by plateletpheresis |
| SDS | PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| SDT | skin-directed therapy |
| SE | signaling endosome |
| SEER | surveillance epidemiology and end results |
| sEng | soluble endoglin |
| SEREX | serologic analysis by recombinant expression cloning |
| serpin | serine protease inhibitor |
| SERT | serotonin transporter |
| SF3B1 | splicing factor 3B subunit 1 |
| sFlt1 | soluble Flt1 |
| sFlt-1 | soluble form of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 |
| sFRP | soluble-frizzled receptor-like protein |
| SGA | small for gestational age |
| SGD | specific granule deficiency |
| sh | a short hairpin |
| SH | somatic hypermutation |
| SH2 | domain src homology 2 domain |
| SH2 | Src homology 2 |
| SH3 | Src homology 3 |
| SH3 | domain Src homology 3 domain |
| SHBG | sex hormone–binding globulin |
| SHIP-1 | phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1 |
| SHM | somatic hypermutation |
| SHP-1 | Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| sIFE | serum immunofixation electrophoresis |
| sIg | secretory immunoglobulin |
| sIgD | surface immunoglobulin D |
| Siglecs | sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins |
| sIgM | surface immunoglobulin M |
| sIL-6R | soluble IL-6 receptor |
| SINE | selective inhibitor of nuclear export |
| SIR | standardized incidence ratio |
| siRNA | short-interfering RNA; small interfering RNA; small interfering ribonucleic acid |
| SIV | simian immunodeficiency virus |
| SKY | spectral karyotyping |
| SLA | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SLAM | signaling lymphocyte activation molecule |
| SLAMs | signaling lymphocyte and activation markers |
| SLC15A4 | solute carrier gene family 15 member 4 |
| SLC1A5 | ASC amino-acid transporter 2 |
| SLC25A38 | mitochondrial carrier family gene |
| SLC4A1 | AE1 gene |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| sLex | sialyl Lewis X |
| SLL | small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma |
| SLT | secondary lymphoid tissues |
| SM | smoldering myeloma; systemic mastocytosis |
| SMA | homologue of Caenorhabditis elegans small body size |
| SMAC | supramolecular activation clusters |
| SMAD | homologue of Drosophilia mothers against decapentaplegic |
| SMAD 1 | the abbreviation refers to the homologies to the Caenorhabditis elegans SMA ("small" worm phenotype) and Drosophila MAD ("Mothers Against Decapentaplegic") |
| SM-AHN | systemic mastocytosis with associated hematologic neoplasm |
| SMARCAL1 | switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF)-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A–like protein 1 |
| SMARCD2 | SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2 |
| SMILE | dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, etoposide |
| SMRTCell | Single Molecule Real Time sequencing device for the Pacific Biosciences single molecule sequencing system |
| SMZL | splenic marginal zone lymphoma |
| Sn | sialoadhesin |
| SNAP | soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein |
| SNARE | SNAP receptor |
| SNGP | supranuclear gaze palsy |
| SNO-Hb | S-nitroso hemoglobin |
| snoRNA | small nucleolar RNA |
| SNP | single nucleotide polymorphism |
| snRNA | small nuclear RNA; small nuclear riboprotein complex |
| SNV | single nucleotide variant |
| SOCS | suppressors of cytokine signaling |
| SOCS3 | a signal transduction protein (also known as CIS3) that downregulates activity of erythropoietin receptor |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| SOD1 | superoxide dismutase |
| SOFA | sequential organ failure assessment |
| SOP | solitary osseous plasmacytoma |
| SOS | sinusoidal obstruction syndrome |
| SOST | slerostin |
| SP | side population |
| Sp1 | transcription factor |
| SpCO | arterial COHb concentration |
| SPEP | protein electrophoresis of serum; serum protein electrophoresis |
| S-phase | synthetic-phase |
| sPLA2 | secretory phospholipase A2 |
| SpMet | arterial methemoglobin concentration |
| SpO2 | arterial oxygen saturation |
| SPTA1 | α spectrin gene |
| SPTB | β spectrin gene |
| SPTL | subcutaneous panniculitis T-cell lymphoma |
| SR | scavenger receptor |
| SR-A | scavenger receptor A |
| SRF | serum response factor |
| SRL | sirolimus |
| SRT | substrate reduction therapy |
| SS | Sézary syndrome |
| SSAT | spermidine/spermine-N-acetyltransferase |
| SSM | smoldering systemic mastocytosis |
| SSO | sequence-specific oligonucleotide |
| SSP | sequence-specific primer |
| STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| STAT3 gene | signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene |
| STAT5 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 |
| Steap3 | ferric reductase |
| STEAP3 | six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 |
| STEC | Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli |
| STEMI | ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction |
| sTfR | soluble transferrin receptor |
| STIM | stromal interaction molecule |
| STIM1 | stromal interaction molecule 1 |
| STING | stimulator of interferon genes |
| STIR | short tau inversion recovery |
| STM | sterile α motif |
| STOP | Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Disease |
| STR | short tandem repeat |
| Stx | Shiga toxin |
| SUMO | small ubiquitin-like modifier |
| SUV | standard uptake value |
| sVEGFR-1 | soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 |
| SWI/SNF | SWItch and Sucrose Non-Fermenting remodeler |
| SWOG | Southwestern Oncology Group |
| Syk | spleen tyrosine kinase |
| SyMBS | synergy metal binding site |
| |
| T | thymine; thymus-derived |
| t | translocation |
| T cell | thymus-derived lymphocyte |
| T. gonadii | toxoplasma gonadii |
| T state | tense, deoxy |
| TAB | TGF-β-activated kinase 1- and MAP3K7-binding protein |
| TAC | tacrolimus |
| TACE | tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme |
| TACI | transmembrane activator, calcium modulator, and cyclophilin ligand interactor; THRLBCL, T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma |
| TACO | transfusion associated circulatory overload |
| TAFI | Thrombin activatable thrombolysis inhibitor |
| TA-GVHD | transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease |
| TAK1 | transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 |
| TAL1 | gene encoding T-cell acute leukemia-1 |
| TALEN | transcription activator-like effector nuclease |
| TALENs | transcription activator-like effector nucleases |
| T-ALL | T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| TAM | tandem auto-HSCT with melphalan conditioning |
| tanCAR | tandem-CAR |
| TANK | TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator |
| TAP-1/2 | transport-associated protein 1/2 |
| TAR | Thrombocytopenia absent radius |
| TARC | thymus and activation regulated chemokine |
| TAT | thrombin–antithrombin |
| TATA | DNA sequence binding TBP (TATA Binding Protein) |
| TATA | box a DNA sequence (cis-regulatory element) found in the promoter region of genes |
| Tb | terabase, i.e., trillion base pairs |
| T-BET | T-box transcription factor |
| TBI | total body irradiation |
| TBK1 | TANK-binding kinase 1 |
| TBV | total blood volume |
| TC | transcobalamin |
| TCA | tricarboxylic acid |
| TCD | transcranial Doppler |
| TCDD | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin |
| TCE | T-cell engager; trichloroethylene |
| TCF | T-cell factor |
| TCF1 | T cell-factor 1 |
| TCFE2A | transcription factor E2a |
| TCL1 | T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A |
| TCM | central-memory T cells |
| TCR | T cell receptor |
| TCT | thrombin clotting time |
| TDG | thymine DNA glycosylase |
| Tdt | terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase |
| TDT | transfusion dependent thalassemia |
| TE | effector T cell |
| TECs | thymic epithelial cells |
| TELESTO | MDS event free survival with iron chelation therapy study |
| TEM | effector-memory T cells |
| TEMRA | T memory |
| Teniposide | VM-26 |
| TERC | telomerase RNA component |
| TERT | telomerase reverse transcriptase |
| TET | ten-eleven translocation; Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase – family of dioxygenases that catalyze conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine |
| TET2 | a homologue of chromosome 10-11 translocation |
| TF | tissue factor |
| TFEB | transcription factor EB |
| Tfh | cell follicular helper T cell |
| TFH | follicular helper T cells |
| tFL | Transformed FL |
| TFPI | tissue factor pathway inhibitor |
| TfR | transferrin receptor |
| TfR1 | transferrin receptor 1 |
| TFRC | transferrin receptor |
| TGF | transforming growth factor |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor beta |
| Th | T helper |
| TH | thyroid hormone; triple hit |
| Th1 | T-cell helper type 1 |
| TH17 | T-helper-17 cell |
| Th2 | T-helper type 2 |
| THBG | thrombomodulin gene |
| THF | tetrahydrofolate |
| THPO | receptor of thrombopoietin |
| THRA | gene encoding thyroid hormone receptor α |
| THRB | gene encoding thyroid hormone receptor β |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| TIBC | total iron binding capacity |
| TICAM | TIR domain-containing adaptor molecule 1 |
| TIGAR | TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator |
| TiKE | trispecific killer engager |
| TIL | tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte |
| TIM | T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain |
| TIR | Toll/interleukin-1 receptor |
| TIRAP | TIR domain-containing adapter protein; toll-interleukin receptor adaptor protein |
| TKD | tyrosine kinase domain |
| TKI | tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| T-LGLL | T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia |
| TLI | total lymphoid irradiation |
| TLR | toll-like receptor |
| TLT | TREM-like transcript-1 |
| TM | thrombomodulin (gene name THBD); transmembrane |
| TMB | tumor mutational burden |
| TMD | transient myeloproliferative disease |
| t-MDS | therapy-related MDS |
| TME | tumor microenvironment |
| Tmprss6 | membrane serine protease |
| Tmprss6 | transmembrane serine protease 6 |
| TMV | total metabolic volume |
| TMZ | temozolomide |
| TNeAB | tumor neo-antigen burden |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor α |
| TNFAIP3 | tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 |
| TNFR | tumor necrosis factor receptor |
| TNK | tenecteplase |
| TNLT | time to next lymphoma treatment |
| TNMB | tumor, node, metastasis, blood |
| TNT | trinitrotoluene |
| TOP | Transfusion of Prematures |
| Topo II | topoisomerase II |
| TOPPS | Therapeutic or Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion Study |
| TOX | thymocyte selection-associated high morbidity group box factor |
| TP | thromboxaneprostanoid receptor |
| TP53 | tumor protein p53 - activates oxidative phosphorylation and inhibits glycolysis |
| tPA/t-PA | tissue plasminogen activator |
| TPE | therapeutic plasma exchange |
| TPI | triose-phosphate isomerase |
| Tpl2 | tumor progression locus 2 |
| TPMT | thiopurine S-methyltransferase |
| TPO | thrombopoietin |
| TPO-RAS | thrombopoietin-receptor agonists |
| Tr | T regulatory |
| TRA | thrombopoietin receptor agonist |
| TRACP | tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase |
| TRACS | transfusion requirements after cardiac surgery |
| TRADD | TNF receptor death domain; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein |
| TRAF | TNF receptor-associated factor |
| TRAIL | TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand |
| TRALI | transfusion-related acute lung injury |
| TRAM | TRIF-related adaptor molecule |
| TRAP | tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; trial to reduce alloimmunization to platelets |
| TRAPS | tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome |
| TRBCL | T cell and histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma |
| TREC | T-cell–receptor excision circle |
| TREG | regulatory T cell; CD4+ regulatory T cell; CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells |
| T-regs | T cells expressing transcription factor FoxP3 |
| TREM | triggering receptors express on myeloid cells |
| TRICC | Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care |
| TRIF | TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon (IFN)-β |
| TRIM | tripartite motif |
| TRIPICU | transfusion strategies for patients in pediatric intensive care units |
| TRM | transplant-related mortality |
| tRNA | mitochondrial transfer RNA |
| TRP | transient receptor potential |
| TRs | thyroid hormone receptors |
| TRα | thyroid hormone receptor alpha |
| TSAT | transferrin saturation |
| TSB | total serum bilirubin |
| TSDR | TReg cell-specific demethylated region |
| TSEBT | total-skin electron beam therapy |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone |
| TSLP | thymic stromal lymphopoietin |
| TSP | thrombospondin |
| TSS | transcription start site |
| TT | thrombin time |
| TTC7A | tetratricopeptide domain 7 |
| TTD | trichodystrophy – caused by mutation of XPD gene |
| TTP | thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; time to progression |
| TTR | transthyretin |
| tTreg | thymus derived regulatory T cell |
| TX | thromboxane |
| TXA2 | thromboxane A2 |
| TYK2 | tyrosine kinase 2 |
| |
| U = U | Undetectable = Untransmittable initiative |
| U-2-OS | cells the human osteosarcoma cell line |
| UA | unexplained anemia |
| Ubc | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme |
| UCB | umbilical cord blood |
| UCM | upregulation of costimulatory molecules |
| UDP | uridine diphosphate |
| UDPG | uridine diphosphoglucose |
| UDPGT | uridine diphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase |
| UFH | unfractionated heparin |
| UGT1 | uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1 |
| UGT1A1 | bilirubin uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene |
| UHRF1 | ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains |
| UIBC | unsaturated iron-binding capacity |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| UMI | universal molecular identifiers |
| UNC | uncoordinated |
| UNC93B1 | protein UNC-93 homolog B1 |
| UNG | uracil N-glycosylase; uracil-DNA glycosylase |
| UP | urticaria pigmentosa |
| u-PA | urokinase-type plasminogen activator |
| u-PAR | urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor |
| UPD | uniparental disomy |
| UPEP | protein electrophoresis of urine |
| UPR | unfolded protein response |
| UROD | uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase |
| UROS | uroporphyrinogen III synthase |
| US | United States |
| US FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration |
| UTP | uridine triphosphate |
| UTX | X-chromosome encoded ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| UVA | ultraviolet A |
| UVB | ultraviolet B |
| |
| V | variable; variable-region gene |
| V(D)J | exon created by a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable-region gene, diversity gene segment, and joining gene segment |
| V/Q scan | lung ventilation perfusion scan |
| VA | Veteran’s Administration |
| VACOP-B | vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, prednisone, and bleomycin |
| VAD | vincristine, Adriamycin and dexamethasone |
| VAF | variant allele fraction or the percentage of NSG reads containing a variant sequence |
| VAMP | vesicle-associated membrane protein |
| VAMP-2 | vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 |
| VASP | vasodilator stimulated protein |
| VCA | virus capsid antigen |
| VCAM | vascular cell adhesion molecule |
| VCAM-1 | vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 |
| VCN | vector copy number |
| VE | vascular endothelial |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VEPEMB | vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, prednisone, etoposide, mitoxantrone, and bleomycin |
| VGPR | very good partial response |
| VH | the variable immunoglobulin gene segment |
| VHL | a gene encoding Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor |
| VHL | von Hippel-Lindau protein; von Hippel-Lindau syndrome |
| VIP | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide |
| VKA | vitamin K antagonist |
| VKORC1 | vitamin K epoxide reductase–oxidase complex |
| VLA | very late antigen |
| VLA4 | very late antigen 4 |
| V-like | variable-region-like |
| VMP | bortezomib, melphalan, prednisone |
| VO2max | peak oxygen consumption |
| VOC | vaso-occlusive crisis |
| VOD | veno-occlusive disease |
| VODI | venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency |
| VP | variegate porphyria |
| VPS13A | vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A gene |
| VR | volume of red blood cells to be removed |
| VRE | vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus |
| VSMC | vascular smooth muscle cells |
| VTD | bortezomid, thalidomide, dexamethasone |
| VTE | venous thromboembolism |
| VUS | variant of unknown significance |
| VWD | von Willebrand disease |
| VWF/ vWF | von Willebrand factor |
| VZV | varicella zoster virus |
| |
| WAS | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome |
| WASp | WAS protein |
| WB | whole blood; whole blood derived platelet concentrate |
| WBC | white blood cell |
| WES | whole exome sequence |
| WF | working formulation |
| WG | Wegener granulomatosis |
| WGBS | whole-genome bisulfite sequencing |
| WGS | whole genome sequencing |
| WHIM | warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, myelokathexis |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WIP | WASp-interacting protein |
| WM | Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia |
| WRN | Werner syndrome, RecQ helicase-like |
| WT | “wild type”; Wilms tumor |
| WT1 | Wilm’s tumor 1 gene |
| |
| X-ALD | X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy |
| XBP1 | X-box binding protein-1 |
| XHIGM | X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M |
| XIAP | X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein |
| XLA | X-linked agammaglobulinemia |
| XLP | X-linked protoporphyria |
| XLP1 | and XLP2 X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome types 1 and 2 |
| XLSA | X-linked sideroblastic anemia |
| XLSA/A | X-linked sideroblastic anemia, associated with ataxia |
| XLT | X-linked thrombocytopenia |
| xMHC | extended major histocompatibility complex |
| XPD | xeroderma pigmentosa |
| XPO1 | gene encoding exportin-1 |
| XRCC4 | X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster ovary cells protein-4 |
| X-SCID | X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency |
| |
| –Y | isolated loss of the Y chromosome |
| YAC | yeast artificial chromosome |
| ZAP-70 | zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa |
| ZFN | zinc-finger nuclease |
| ZIP7 | ZIP family zinc transporter 7 |
| ZMW | zero-mode waveguide |
| ZPI | protein Z–dependent protease inhibitor |