TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Nicotine Dependence
A1  - Karam-Hage, Maher
A1  - Cinciripini, Paul
A2  - Duffy, James D.
A2  - Valentine, Alan D.
PY  - 2016
T2  - MD Anderson Manual of Psychosocial Oncology
AB  - In  the  United  States  approximately  443,000  deaths  in  2007  were  attributable  to  cigarette  smoking,  according  to  the  Centers  for  Disease  Control  and  Prevention  (CDC).  This  number  makes  cigarette  smoking  the  principal  cause  of  premature  death  and  disability  in  the  country.1  In  addition,  the  average  annual  smoking-attributable  health  care  expenditures  nationwide  were  approximately  $96  billion  during  2001–2004.  Then  when  combined  with  productivity  losses  of  $97  billion,  the  total  economic  burden  of  smoking  was  approximately  $193  billion  per  year.2  Furthermore,  the  International  Agency  for  Research  on  Cancer  has  reported  that  tobacco  smoking  is  causally  linked  to  13  types  of  neoplastic  disease.3  Unfortunately,  despite  tobacco  control  efforts,  including  public  education  about  the  health  hazards  of  smoking,  many  smokers  continue  to  encounter  extreme  difficulty  quitting  and  maintaining  long-term  abstinence  from  tobacco.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1125785352
ER  -