TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Cancer Screening A1 - Calzone, Kathleen A. A1 - Eng-Wong, Jennifer A1 - Prindiville, Sheila A2 - Boyiadzis, Michael M. A2 - Frame, James N. A2 - Kohler, David R. A2 - Fojo, Tito PY - 2016 T2 - Hematology-Oncology Therapy, 2e AB - Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintAmerican Cancer Society (ACS) Recommendations for the Early Detection of Cancer in Average-Risk, Asymptomatic People1Cancer SitePopulationTest or ProcedureFrequencyBreastWomen >20 yearsBreast self-examination (optional)Monthly, starting at age 20Clinical breast examinationEvery 3 years from ages 20–39Annually, starting at age 40✫MammographyAnnually, starting at age 40ColorectalMen and women, age 50+ yearsFecal occult blood test (FOBT)†orAnnually, starting at age 50Stool DNA test (sDNA) orInterval uncertain, starting at age 50Flexible sigmoidoscopy orEvery 5 years, starting at age 50Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and flexible sigmoidoscopy‡orAnnual FOBT and flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, starting at age 50Double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) orEvery 5 years, starting at age 50Colonoscopy orEvery 10 years, starting at age 50CT colonographyEvery 5 years starting at age 50ProstateMen >50 yearsDigital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen test (PSA)The PSA test and the DRE should be offered annually, starting at age 50, for men who have a life expectancy of at least 10 years§CervixWomen age <21None Women age 21–29Cytology aloneEvery 3 years. HPV testing for screening should not be usedWomen age 30–65Preferred: HPV and cytology contestingEvery 5 years. HPV testing for screening not recommended for most clinical settingsAcceptable: Cytology aloneEvery 3 yearsWomen age 65+None following adequate prior negative screeningHistory of CIN2 or greater diagnosis should continue screening for 20 yearsWomen following hysterectomy and NO history of CIN2 or greater diagnosisNoneApplies only to women with: No cervixWithout a history of CIN2 or greater diagnosis in the past 20 yearsNo history of cervical cancerWomen following hysterectomy and history of CIN2 or greater diagnosisContinue age specific screening for at least 20 years Women HPV vaccinatedContinue to follow age specific guidelines above for non-vaccinated womenCancer-related checkupMen and women age 20+ years On the occasion of a periodic health exam, the cancer-related check-up should include examination for cancers of thyroid, testicles, ovaries, lymph nodes, oral cavity, and skin, as well as health counseling about tobacco, sun exposure, diet and nutrition, risk factors, sexual practices, and environmental and occupational exposures✫Beginning at age 40, annual clinical breast examination†FOBT or FIT as sometimes done in the physician's office, with the single stool sample on fingertip during a DRE is NOT recommended. Toilet bowl FOBT tests also are not recommended. In comparison with guaiac-based tests for the detection of occult blood, immunochemical tests are more patient-friendly and are likely to be equal or better in sensitivity and specificity. There is no justification for repeating FOBT in response to an initial positive finding‡Flexible sigmoidoscopy together with FOBT is preferred compared with FOBT or flexible sigmoidoscopy aloneScreening for cervical cancer should not be performed annually by any method SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1128367922 ER -