TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists A1 - Tilley, Douglas G. A1 - Houser, Steven R. A1 - Koch, Walter J. A2 - Brunton, Laurence L. A2 - Knollmann, Björn C. PY - 2023 T2 - Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 14th Edition AB - Agents or drugs that act on the adrenergic system may mimic the actions of endogenous catecholamines, block their synthesis or release, or antagonize their effects at the level of adrenergic receptors on cell membranes. Catecholamines are released from neurons within the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. Norepinephrine (NE) is the primary catecholamine neurotransmitter in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system while epinephrine (EPI) is the primary catecholamine hormone released from the adrenal medulla. NE therefore acts in innervated tissues locally and EPI, secreted into blood circulation, acts as a hormone, with effects dependent upon its circulating concentration. NE and EPI are released and activated by several stimuli including physical and psychological stress. The diversity of their actions accounts for the fact that drugs acting to alter sympathetic and adrenergic responses are used for a myriad of clinical disorders including hypertension, asthma, heart failure, and anaphylactic reactions. Many of these uses are discussed elsewhere (see Chapters 32, 33, and 44). Dopamine is a third endogenous catecholamine; it is predominantly located in the central nervous system (CNS), and its central effects are discussed elsewhere (see Chapter 15), although there are some dopamine receptors in the periphery. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1193228828 ER -