TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - General Considerations of Lymphoma: Epidemiology, Etiology, Heterogeneity, and Primary Extranodal Disease
A1  - Lichtman, Marshall A.
A1  - Kaushansky, Kenneth
A1  - Kipps, Thomas J.
A1  - Prchal, Josef T.
A1  - Levi, Marcel M.
Y1  - 2011
N1  - 
T2  - Williams Manual of Hematology, 8e
AB  - Approximately  70,000  cases  of  non-Hodgkin  lymphoma  (NHL)  will  be  diagnosed  in  2010  and  approximately  20,000  persons  will  die  of  the  disease  in  the  United  States.NHL  represents  approximately  4.5  percent  of  cancers  in  the  United  States  and  3.0  percent  of  cancer  deaths,  annually.The  age-adjusted  incidence  rates  for  NHL  in  the  United  States  are:  25.6  for  white  males,  18.4  for  black  males,  17.5  for  white  females,  and  13.1  for  black  females.The  risk  of  NHL  in  the  United  States  is  approximately  three  fold  that  of  several  underdeveloped  countries  and  two  fold  that  of  several  comparable  industrialized  country.There  is  a  logarithmic  increase  in  annual  incidence  in  both  men  and  women  from  late  teenagers  to  octogenarians  in  the  United  States:  males  15  to  19  years  of  age,  2.3  cases/100,000  persons;  males  80  to  84  years  of  age,  140  cases/100,000  persons;  females  15  to  19  years,  1.4  cases/100,000  persons;  females  80  to  84  years,  100  cases  per  100,000  persons.Follicular  lymphoma  represents  approximately  25  to  30  percent  of  NHL  cases  in  the  United  States  but  is  uncommon  in  many  developing  countries  and  in  Asia,  especially  China  and  Japan.Diffuse  large  B-cell  lymphoma  represents  approximately  30  percent  of  NHL  cases  in  the  United  States.The  annual  incidence  of  NHL,  but  not  Hodgkin  lymphoma,  increased  significantly  between  1972  and  1995  in  the  United  States  and  Western  European  countries.  The  increase  probably  started  before  1972  but  the  United  States  National  Cancer  Institute  did  not  track  specific-site  cancer  incidence  before  that  date.The  rate  is  still  increasing  slightly  for  women  and  older  men  in  the  United  States.  Orbital  adenexal  lymphoma,  and  mantle  cell  lymphoma  are  increasing  at  a  rate  of  6  percent  per  year.There  is  no  aggregate  evidence  sufficient  to  reach  a  level  of  medical  or  scientific  certainty  at  this  time  that  benzene,  other  solvents,  pesticides,  herbicides,  dyes,  various  occupations,  and  other  industrial  exposures  increase  the  relative  risk  of  lymphoma  as  determined  by  the  U.S.  Public  Health  Service.There  are  instances  of  familial  clustering  and  an  increase  in  the  relative  risk  of  lymphoma  in  siblings  of  patients  with  lymphoma  or  related  hematologic  malignancies  (e.g.,  myeloma).  These  so-called  nonsyndromic  examples  of  increased  risk  are  likely  explained  by  as  yet  undefined  predisposition  genes,  akin  to  the  Li-Fraumeni  syndrome,  which  is  the  result  of  germ-line  inheritance  of  p53.Several  syndromic  immunodeficiency  states  increase  the  relative  risk  of  lymphoma  in  family  members  (see  Table  60–2).  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1126653626
ER  -