TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Esophageal and Gastric Cancer
A1  - Blaszkowsky, Lawrence S.
A2  - Chabner, Bruce A.
A2  - Longo, Dan L.
Y1  - 2016
N1  - 
T2  - Harrison's Manual of Oncology, 2e
AB  - The  incidence  of  esophageal  cancer  has  steadily  increased  while  the  incidence  of  gastric  cancer  has  decreased  in  the  United  States  for  over  a  half  century.  Over  the  past  several  decades,  the  incidence  of  tumors  in  the  distal  esophagus/gastroesophageal  junction  and  cardia  is  rising.  The  highest  rates  of  esophageal  cancer  are  found  in  East  Asia,  Eastern  Africa,  and  Southern  Africa.  Over  half  of  all  gastric  cancers  occur  in  developing  countries  with  the  highest  incidence  in  East  Asia,  South  America  (Andes  Region),  and  Eastern  Europe.  Following  migration  to  areas  of  lower  risk,  subsequent  generations  experience  a  risk  approaching  that  of  the  surrounding  population,  implicating  an  important  role  for  environmental  factors  on  the  development  of  gastric  cancer.  In  the  United  States,  there  were  estimated  to  be  17,990  new  cases  of  esophageal  cancer  and  15,210  deaths  in  2013.  The  estimated  new  cases  and  deaths  of  gastric  cancer  were  21,600  and  10,990,  respectively  (1).  Advances  in  prevention,  early  detection,  aggressive  surgery,  the  use  of  adjuvant  therapy,  and  more  effective  antineoplastic  agents  will  hopefully  reduce  the  incidence  and  improve  survival.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1127648783
ER  -