TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Antineoplastic Drugs: Preventing and Managing Extravasation A1 - Kohler, David R. A2 - Boyiadzis, Michael M. A2 - Frame, James N. A2 - Kohler, David R. A2 - Fojo, Tito Y1 - 2016 N1 - T2 - Hematology-Oncology Therapy, 2e AB - IrritantsIrritant drugs may produce any of the following reactions: erythema along a vein or phlebitis, with sensations of tenderness, warmth, or burning, and pain, and, as a consequence of extravasation, inflammatory reactions, which may include local swelling, erythema, induration with sensations of itching, warmth, aching, tightness, or pain, but generally not tissue necrosis. Drugs categorized as irritants are more or less irritating to soft tissues owing to intrinsic differences in their physical and chemical properties and the properties of excipient products with which they are formulated. The manifestations and severity of reactions after extravasation with irritant drugs often correlate with the concentration of drug, the amount of drug and volume extravasated, and the duration of exposure; that is, some irritants exhibit properties characteristic of vesicants if the amount of drug extravasated is large or highly concentrated. However, except for local changes in pigmentation at an extravasation site (often hyperpigmentation), symptoms associated with irritant drug extravasations are typically of short duration (days to weeks), and there are no lasting sequelae SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1128367423 ER -