TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Sickle Cell Trait A1 - Connes, Philippe A1 - Hyacinth, Hyacinth I. A1 - Naik, Rakhi P. A2 - Gladwin, Mark T. A2 - Kato, Gregory J. A2 - Novelli, Enrico M. Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Sickle Cell Disease AB - Sickle cell trait (SCT), defined as the heterozygous inheritance of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), is one of the most common hemoglobin mutations in the world. Prevalence estimates suggest that SCT is found in approximately 300 million individuals worldwide and nearly 3 million individuals in the United States. The rates of SCT are highest among populations living in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and India, as well as among individuals whose ancestors come from these areas, such as people of African descent living in Europe or the Americas. Prevalence of SCT ranges from 7% to 9% in the African American population in the United States, and rates may exceed 25% in regions of malarial endemicity such as Nigeria and tribal India.1 Evidence of the evolutionary advantage of SCT in conferring protection against severe malaria is profound and undisputed. Consistent studies have demonstrated a 90% risk reduction of severe and cerebral malaria among SCT carriers.1 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179344404 ER -