TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Signal Transduction Pathways A1 - Kaushansky, Kenneth A2 - Kaushansky, Kenneth A2 - Prchal, Josef T. A2 - Burns, Linda J. A2 - Lichtman, Marshall A. A2 - Levi, Marcel A2 - Linch, David C. Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Williams Hematology, 10e AB - SUMMARYMost external influences on cells of any organ are mediated by biochemical and molecular mechanisms that are triggered by interactions with membrane, cytoplasmic, or nuclear receptors. Our understanding of the receptors and the intermediate molecules that couple them with cellular pathways that influence the proliferation, activation, differentiation, or survival of hematopoietic cells has expanded significantly. Proteins on the surface of blood cells that transmit vital information from the extracellular environment include (a) single-pass, homodimeric, heterodimeric, and heterotrimeric transmembrane proteins that do or do not contain intrinsic kinase activity but either way signal by inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of a multitude of cytoplasmic proteins; (b) seven transmembrane domain proteins that signal through G proteins; (c) heterodimeric integrins that recruit large focal adhesions; (d) large families of heterodimeric proteins that induce serine and threonine phosphorylation; and (e) a number of incompletely understood external influences such as neural signals, bacterial products, and lipids. This chapter describes the receptors that influence blood cell production and function, the secondary mediators and the biochemical modifications they undergo to alert the cell to an external influence, the molecular mechanisms that allow for the coordination of multiple signals impacting a cell simultaneously, and the processes on which they impact. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1180477309 ER -