TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Methemoglobinemia and other Dyshemoglobinemias
A1  - Prchal, Josef T.
A2  - Prchal, Josef T.
A2  - Lichtman, Marshall A.
Y1  - 2022
N1  - 
T2  - Williams Hematology The Red Cell and Its Diseases
AB  - SUMMARYMethemoglobin  is  a  metalloprotein,  in  which  the  iron  in  the  heme  group  is  in  the  Fe3+(ferric),  not  the  Fe2+(ferrous),  state  of  normal  hemoglobin  (Hb).  Methemoglobinemia  occurs  because  of  either  increased  production  of  oxidized  Hb  due  to  exposure  to  environmental  agents  or  diminished  reduction  of  oxidized  Hb  because  of  underlying  germline  mutations.  Cyanosis  occurs  when  methemoglobin  exceeds  15g/L;  in  comparison,  cyanosis  is  discernible  with  deoxyhemoglobin  at  40  g/L  and  sulfhemoglobin  at  5g/L.  Hb  can  also  bind  carbon  monoxide  (CO)  and  nitric  oxide,  resulting  in  the  formation  of  carboxyhemoglobin  (COHb)  and  nitrosohemoglobin.  Sulfhemoglobinemia  occurs  because  of  occupational  exposure  to  sulfa  compounds  or  exposure  to  oxidants.  These  modified  Hbs  are  known  as  dyshemoglobins.  Depending  on  the  severity,  the  presence  of  dyshemoglobins  can  result  in  varying  degree  of  clinical  manifestations.  Prompt  diagnosis  is  the  key  to  the  specific  treatment.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1184012759
ER  -