TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Immuno-Oncology A1 - Goswami, Sangeeta A1 - Allison, James P. A1 - Sharma, Padmanee A2 - Kantarjian, Hagop M. A2 - Wolff, Robert A. PY - 2016 T2 - The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology, 3e AB - The ability of the immune system to recognize and eradicate cancer was first postulated in the 19th century; however, proof of principle remained elusive until the 20th century. The effect of infection on tumor regression was observed as early as 1884 by Anton Chekov (1); following this, William Coley developed a mixture of killed bacteria that were used to treat various types of cancer between the 1890s and 1960s with mixed clinical benefit. In addition, the concept of using bacterial elements was validated with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of intravesical administration of BCG, which is an FDA-approved therapy that leads to nonspecific inflammatory immune responses and clinical benefit for patients with superficial bladder cancer (2). The discovery of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and T-cell receptor (TCR) in the 1980s provided insight into T-cell function that led to a number of clinical trials (3,4). Unfortunately, many of the early clinical trials failed due to incomplete understanding of T-cell function. Further research led to understanding of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules, which led to improved strategies in the field of cancer immunotherapy, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and immune checkpoint therapies, resulting in clinical success that turned the tide in favor of immunotherapy. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Medical CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1126745769 ER -