RT Book, Section A1 Richardson, Fei-Fei Liu and Christopher D. A2 Tannock, Ian F. A2 Hill, Richard P. A2 Bristow, Robert G. A2 Harrington, Lea SR Print(0) ID 1127471804 T1 Oncogenic Viruses and Tumor Viruses T2 The Basic Science of Oncology, 5e YR 2016 FD 2016 PB McGraw-Hill Education Medical PP New York, NY SN 9780071745208 LK hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1127471804 RD 2024/03/29 AB Viruses are implicated in approximately 15% to 20% of all cancers (reviewed by Nevins, 2007; Ou and Yen, 2010). They can cause malignancies that include nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, cervical carcinoma, T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and Kaposi sarcoma. Even more importantly, oncogenes and tumor-suppressor proteins were first identified through the study of cancer-causing viruses. For example, research with simian virus 40 led to the discovery of tumor-suppressor genes, p53 and the retinoblastoma gene (Rb). Oncogenic viruses fall into 2 groups: the DNA tumor viruses that contain either linear or circular double-stranded DNA and the RNA-containing tumor viruses (also called retroviruses). DNA tumor viruses usually cause malignant transformation by inhibiting the normal function (growth control) of tumor-suppressor genes (see Chap. 7, Sec. 7.6), whereas retroviruses usually deregulate signal transduction pathways (see Chap. 8).