RT Book, Section A1 Lichtman, Marshall A. A2 Kaushansky, Kenneth A2 Prchal, Josef T. A2 Burns, Linda J. A2 Lichtman, Marshall A. A2 Levi, Marcel A2 Linch, David C. SR Print(0) ID 1178742398 T1 Hemolytic Anemia Resulting from Infections with Microorganisms T2 Williams Hematology, 10e YR 2021 FD 2021 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260464122 LK hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178742398 RD 2024/03/29 AB SUMMARYHemolytic anemia is a prominent part of the clinical presentation of patients infected with certain organisms such as Plasmodium, Babesia, and Bartonella spp., which directly invade the erythrocyte. Malaria is the most common cause of hemolytic anemia worldwide, and much has been learned about how the parasite enters the erythrocyte and the mechanism of the development of anemia. Falciparum malaria, in particular, can cause severe and sometimes fatal hemolysis (blackwater fever). The zoonotic malaria parasite Falciparum knowlesi, prevalent in Southeast Asia, is also associated with severe hemolytic anemia. Other organisms cause hemolytic anemia by producing a hemolysin (eg, Clostridium perfringens), by stimulating an immune response (eg, Mycoplasma pneumoniae), by enhancing macrophage recognition and hemophagocytosis, or by as yet unknown mechanisms. The many different infections that have been associated with hemolytic anemia are tabulated and references to the relevant studies provided.