RT Book, Section
A1 Grant, Denis M.
A2 Harrington, Lea A.
A2 Tannock, Ian F.
A2 Hill, Richard P.
A2 Cescon, David W.
SR Print(0)
ID 1179323623
T1 Carcinogenesis
T2 The Basic Science of Oncology, 6e
YR 2021
FD 2021
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259862076
LK hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179323623
RD 2024/04/24
AB Cancer  is  a  disease  that  results  from  cumulative  genetic  changes.  Sporadic  mutations  take  place  in  all  cells  of  the  body  and  may  lead  eventually  to  a  cell  that  is  transformed  and  whose  progeny  develop  into  a  cancer.  Any  agent  or  process  that  increases  genetic  changes  will  increase  the  probability  of  a  cancer  developing,  so  that  minimizing  the  incidence  of  cancer  requires  identification  of  and  avoidance  of  exogenous  agents  (ie,  carcinogens)  that  can  cause  it  (Okey  and  Harper,  2007;  Loeb  and  Harris,  2008).  Carcinogens  include  chemical  agents  (Wogan,  2004),  many  of  which  are  known  to  be  mutagenic  (described  in  Section  5.2),  ionizing  and  ultraviolet  radiation  (Chap.  9,  Sec.  9.2.2  and  Chap.  15,  Sec.  15.4.1),  and  some  viruses,  which  can  introduce  oncogenes  into  the  human  genome  (Chap.  7,  Sec.  7.4.4).  Although  the  mechanisms  that  lead  to  cancer  differ  following  exposure  to  these  different  types  of  exposure,  there  are  some  common  properties.