RT Book, Section
A1 Kaushansky, Kenneth
A2 Kaushansky, Kenneth
A2 Prchal, Josef T.
A2 Burns, Linda J.
A2 Lichtman, Marshall A.
A2 Levi, Marcel
A2 Linch, David C.
SR Print(0)
ID 1180467010
T1 Megakaryopoiesis and Thrombopoiesis
T2 Williams Hematology, 10e
YR 2021
FD 2021
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260464122
LK hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1180467010
RD 2024/04/20
AB SUMMARYEach  day  the  adult  human  produces  approximately  1  ×  1011  platelets,  a  level  of  production  that  can  increase  10-  to  20-fold  in  times  of  increased  demand  and  an  additional  5-  to  10-fold  under  the  stimulation  of  exogenous  thrombopoietin  receptor  agonists.  Production  of  platelets  depends  on  the  proliferation  and  differentiation  of  hematopoietic  stem  and  progenitor  cells  to  cells  committed  to  the  megakaryocyte  lineage;  their  maturation  to  large,  polyploid  megakaryocytes;  and  their  final  fragmentation  into  platelets.  The  external  influences  that  affect  megakaryopoiesis  and  thrombopoiesis  are  a  supportive  marrow  stroma  consisting  of  endothelial  and  other  cells,  matrix  glycosaminoglycans,  and  a  family  of  protein  hormones  and  cytokines,  including  thrombopoietin,  stem  cell  factor,  and  stromal  cell–derived  factor-1.  The  role  of  the  cytokines  essential  for  these  processes  has  been  defined,  the  transcription  factors  critical  for  megakaryocyte  development  have  been  identified,  the  molecular  mechanisms  that  underlie  the  two  most  unusual  aspects  of  thrombopoiesis—endomitosis  and  proplatelet  formation—have  been  studied,  and  reagents  to  specifically  modify  platelet  production  have  been  generated.  This  chapter  focuses  on  the  development  of  megakaryocytes,  their  precursors  and  their  progeny,  and  the  hematopoietic  growth  factors  and  transcriptionally  active  molecules  that  control  the  survival,  proliferation,  and  differentiation  of  these  cells.