RT Book, Section A1 Beutler, Bruce A1 Moresco, Eva Marie Y. A2 Kaushansky, Kenneth A2 Prchal, Josef T. A2 Burns, Linda J. A2 Lichtman, Marshall A. A2 Levi, Marcel A2 Linch, David C. SR Print(0) ID 1180477683 T1 Innate Immunity T2 Williams Hematology, 10e YR 2021 FD 2021 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260464122 LK hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1180477683 RD 2024/03/28 AB SUMMARYThe innate immune system provides immediate protection against infection using effector mechanisms that include phagocytosis of infected cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines. These responses depend on the detection of microbes by innate immune cells, mediated by a sensory apparatus consisting of cell surface proteins of the Toll-like receptor, NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain)-like receptor, RIG-I–like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor families and by cGAS and caspases 4/5/11. The biochemical events that follow receptor activation converge on nuclear factor-κB, activator protein 1, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and the interferon response factors (IRFs) transcription factors that induce genes necessary for the inflammatory response. Among these are genes encoding cytokines and chemokines that recruit additional innate immune cells to the infection site. Dendritic cells are innate immune cells specialized for antigen presentation to the adaptive immune system; their recruitment to the site of infection is important for activation of an antigen-specific adaptive immune response. Innate immunity serves an essential role in the initial containment of microorganisms by promoting their engulfment and killing and stimulates an adaptive immune response to develop in the days and weeks that follow. Susceptibility to infection in humans is strongly heritable, and among the many loci that influence it, encoding proteins vital to the innate immune response are of central importance. Moreover, autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases are dependent on the activation of innate immune signaling pathways.