RT Book, Section A1 Hosein, Rachael A1 Bedrose, Sara A1 Jeun, Rebecca A1 Varghese, Jeena M. A1 Thosani, Sonali N. A2 Kantarjian, Hagop M. A2 Wolff, Robert A. A2 Rieber, Alyssa G. SR Print(0) ID 1190839743 T1 Endocrine and Metabolic Complications of Cancer Therapy T2 The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology, 4e YR 2022 FD 2022 PB McGraw Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260467642 LK hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1190839743 RD 2024/03/29 AB KEY CONCEPTSImmune checkpoint inhibitors have become mainstays of therapy for a broad range of cancers and can lead to a variety of endocrinopathies, including hypophysitis, thyroiditis, primary hypothyroidism, Graves disease, primary adrenal insufficiency, lipodystrophy, and autoimmune diabetes.A broad range of antineoplastic agents, including agents that target the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), alter glucose homeostasis and can lead to hyperglycemia, which may require monitoring and treatment.Hormone-suppressive therapies, radiation treatments, chemotherapeutics, and corticosteroids can all lead to increased bone fragility, which may be ameliorated by antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates or denosumab.Patients who receive cranial or craniospinal radiation therapy are at risk for hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction, and those who receive radiation to the head and neck or other sites close to the thyroid are at risk for hypothyroidism and thyroiditis.Cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy are common causes of hypogonadism and infertility in both male and female cancer survivors and should be discussed with patients before initiation of therapy.Childhood cancer survivors, especially those who received abdominal radiation or total-body irradiation, are at increased risk of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome as long-term sequelae of cancer treatment and need continued follow-up and screening for these conditions in survivorship care.